【摘要】：衣食住行是百姓最基本的生活需要，改革開放以來，我國綜合實(shí)力持續(xù)增強(qiáng)，人們生活水平節(jié)節(jié)上升，我國房地產(chǎn)市場日益繁榮，商品房的銷售交易量非常驚人。然而，觀察實(shí)際交易，，在房屋的銷售中，買賣雙方并不是直接立即簽訂商品房買賣合同，而是首先簽訂其預(yù)約合同，即商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議。伴隨商品房的大量銷售，商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議也被頻繁使用，于是與商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議相關(guān)的購房糾紛、矛盾也日益增多。而我國的《民法通則》、《合同法》等并沒有對此作出具體規(guī)定。《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理商品房買賣合同糾紛案件適用法律若干問題的解釋》針對商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議問題作出了定金罰則的規(guī)定。但該規(guī)定面對實(shí)踐中復(fù)雜的商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議糾紛顯得過于原則化，適用時(shí)缺乏可操作性。本文從預(yù)約合同的基礎(chǔ)理論出發(fā)，研究我國的商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議存在的問題，并借鑒國內(nèi)外相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出了建設(shè)性的意見。 本文共分為4個(gè)部分。 第一部分首先引出了商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的相關(guān)理論問題，提出了商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的概念是商品房買賣當(dāng)事人在簽訂正式的商品房買賣合同之前所形成的具有法律效力的協(xié)議，介紹了商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的特征，著重論證了商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的法律性質(zhì)是預(yù)約。 第二部分先介紹了我國商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的立法實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀，具體分析了我國立法實(shí)踐中商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議存在的問題，如缺乏明確的法律依據(jù)，沒有明確商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的生效要件，商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的定金責(zé)任的適用認(rèn)識不同，對商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議是否可以適用強(qiáng)制履行存在爭議，對違反商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的違約賠償范圍確定不同等問題。 第三部分考慮到商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議的實(shí)質(zhì)是預(yù)約合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)分析借鑒國外關(guān)于預(yù)約合同的立法理論。因此這一章主要先介紹了大陸法系、英美法系的預(yù)約合同的立法現(xiàn)狀，并結(jié)合我國商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議制度的不足，總結(jié)出了借鑒的意義。 第四部分探討了針對我國的商品房認(rèn)購協(xié)議立法和實(shí)踐中存在的具體問題，在分析借鑒國外預(yù)約合同的立法現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，一一對應(yīng)提出了具體的完善建議。
[Abstract]:Food, clothing, housing and transportation are the most basic living needs of the people. Since the reform and opening up, the comprehensive strength of our country has been continuously strengthened, the living standard of people has been rising, the real estate market of our country is booming day by day, and the sales volume of commercial housing is very amazing. However, observing the actual transaction, in the sale of the house, the buyer and seller do not sign the commercial house sale contract directly, but sign their reservation contract first, that is, the commercial house subscription agreement. With a large number of sales of commercial housing, commercial housing subscription agreement is also frequently used, so the purchase of housing disputes related to the agreement on the purchase of commercial housing, contradictions are also increasing day by day. And the "General principles of Civil Law" in China, The Supreme people's Court's explanation of some legal issues applicable to the trial of disputes over the sale and purchase of commercial housing has made a stipulation on the fixed penalty for the subscription agreement of commercial housing. However, the regulation is too principled and lacks maneuverability when it is applied in the face of complicated commercial house subscription agreement disputes in practice. Based on the basic theory of reservation contract, this paper studies the problems existing in the subscription agreement of commercial housing in our country, and draws lessons from the relevant experience at home and abroad, and puts forward some constructive suggestions. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part first leads to the relevant theoretical issues of the commercial housing subscription agreement, and puts forward that the concept of the commercial housing subscription agreement is a legally effective agreement formed by the commercial housing buyers and sellers before the signing of the formal contract for the sale of commercial housing. This paper introduces the characteristics of the commercial housing subscription agreement, and emphatically demonstrates that the legal nature of the commercial house subscription agreement is reservation. The second part first introduces the current situation of the legislation practice of the commercial house subscription agreement in our country, and analyzes the problems existing in the commercial house subscription agreement in our country, such as lack of clear legal basis. There is no clear requirements for the validity of the commercial housing subscription agreement, and the application of the deposit liability of the commercial housing subscription agreement is different. There is a dispute as to whether the commercial housing subscription agreement can be applied to the compulsory performance. The scope of compensation for breach of commercial housing subscription agreement to determine different issues. In the third part, considering that the essence of the subscription agreement of commercial housing is the reservation contract, we should analyze and learn from the legislative theory of the reservation contract in foreign countries. Therefore, this chapter mainly introduces the legislation status of civil law system and Anglo-American law system, and summarizes the significance of reference in combination with the deficiency of China's commercial house subscription agreement system. The fourth part discusses the specific problems existing in the legislation and practice of the commercial house subscription agreement in our country. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of the legislation of foreign booking contract, the author puts forward some specific suggestions for perfection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東商學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.6

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本文編號：2399886