【摘要】：債的保全法律制度是債法中一項重要的法律設(shè)計,該制度突破了傳統(tǒng)的合同相對性原理,對債權(quán)人平等受償原則亦有所變通,這使得債權(quán)人對基于合同關(guān)系以外的第三人行使訴權(quán)成為可能。該制度給傳統(tǒng)民法理論提出了一個全新的命題,豐富了學(xué)界關(guān)于債的保全制度的理論,進一步完善了我國債的一般擔(dān)保法律制度；在實踐上對規(guī)避法律,逃避債務(wù)等損害債權(quán)人利益的行為提供了強有力的法律手段,有利于債務(wù)的履行,保障債權(quán)的實現(xiàn)。因此,對于該制度的研究有著重要的法學(xué)與實踐意義。 本文以民法解釋、比較分析等方法,明確了債的保全制度在整個債的保障制度的重要而又特殊的地位；梳理了兩項制度的歷史沿革與國外的立法現(xiàn)狀；著重從理論和實踐的雙重視角,兼顧傳統(tǒng)民法理論和外國立法的相關(guān)規(guī)定,研究和探討債權(quán)人代位權(quán)和債權(quán)人撤銷權(quán)的性質(zhì)、特征、成立條件及其行使、效力等。在歸納與分析的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者提出了關(guān)于保全制度法律規(guī)定層級過低、代位權(quán)和撤銷權(quán)構(gòu)成要件規(guī)定范圍較窄和司法效率不高等問題。針對各項問題,筆者對其進行類型化分析。經(jīng)論述,筆者粗淺的提出了提高保全制度的立法層級,以致未來在債法典中占有一席之地,而非僅僅規(guī)定于《合同法》中。在制度要件規(guī)定范圍過窄的問題上,筆者將我國關(guān)于保全制度的法律規(guī)定整合并重新解構(gòu),對于已有的要件規(guī)定加以確認并分析,對于司法實踐中出現(xiàn)的問題而又處于立法空白的問題,筆者又大膽的提出了關(guān)于法律空白彌補與完善的不成熟的法律意見。債的保全兩項制度在適用規(guī)則方面采取了不同規(guī)定,筆者以公平與效率為切入口,設(shè)計了以優(yōu)先受償為原則,以“入庫規(guī)則”為補充的統(tǒng)一適用規(guī)定,以充分保證債權(quán)人債權(quán)的實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The legal system of debt preservation is an important legal design in debt law. This system breaks through the traditional principle of relativity of contract, and it also adapts to the principle of equal payment of creditors. This makes it possible for creditors to exercise their right of action against third parties outside the contractual relationship. This system has put forward a brand-new proposition to the traditional civil law theory, enriched the academic circles' theory about the debt preservation system, further improved the general guarantee legal system of our national debt; In practice, it provides a powerful legal means for evading the law, evading the debt and harming the interests of creditors, which is beneficial to the performance of the debt and the realization of the creditor's rights. Therefore, the study of this system has important legal and practical significance. By means of civil law interpretation and comparative analysis, this paper clarifies the important and special position of the debt preservation system in the whole debt protection system, combs the historical evolution of the two systems and the legislative status of foreign countries. From the perspective of theory and practice, this paper studies and discusses the nature, characteristics, conditions of establishment and exercise, effectiveness of creditor's right of subrogation and revocation of creditor's right of subrogation, taking into account the relevant provisions of traditional civil law theory and foreign legislation. On the basis of summing up and analyzing, the author puts forward some problems such as the low level of the legal provisions of the preservation system, the narrow scope of the requirements of the constitution of the right of subrogation and the right of rescission, and the inefficiency of the administration of justice. In view of each question, the author carries on the type analysis to it. After discussion, the author proposes to improve the legislative level of preservation system, so that in the future in the debt code, not only stipulated in the contract Law. On the problem that the scope of the system elements is too narrow, the author integrates and deconstructs the legal provisions of the preservation system in our country, and confirms and analyzes the existing requirements. For the problems in the judicial practice but also in the legislative blank, the author boldly put forward the immature legal opinion on the legal blank to make up and perfect. The two systems of debt preservation have adopted different regulations in the application of rules. The author regards fairness and efficiency as the entry point, designs the unified applicable provisions which are based on the principle of priority to be repaid and supplemented by the rules of entry into the storehouse. In order to fully guarantee the realization of creditor's rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923

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