【摘要】：風險無處不在,市場交易更是如此。買賣合同標的物的風險是指在合同訂立后由于不可歸責于雙方當事人得事由從而致使標的物毀損滅失的一種不利狀態(tài),其對雙方當事人具有十分重要的意義,直接關系到雙方當事人合同利益的實現(xiàn),因此,對標的物風險負擔的研究就顯得尤為重要,各國民法和國際公約、國際慣例都對此進行了規(guī)范。但是,我國理論界對風險負擔的立法選擇和《合同法》規(guī)定的理解存在較大爭議。因此,有必要對買賣合同標的物的風險負擔進行深入研究。 在風險負擔理論層面,有合同成立說、所有權說和交付說三種學說。合同成立說在充分尊重當事人意愿的基礎上督促當事人及時履行合同,但是它沒有區(qū)分合同成立和合同生效,而且對買受人保護不足,目前已被大多數(shù)國家所摒棄。所有權主義雖有所進步,但仍有很大弊端。各國對所有權變動界定不同,這在國際貿(mào)易中很難準確把握；而且在出賣人無權處分時,基于所有權主義,將無人承擔風險。交付主義是指標的物風險隨交付而轉(zhuǎn)移,該主張有效解決了其他主張的弊端,成為大多數(shù)國家普遍接受的理論主張,但其也存在一定不足之處。 我國立法采納交付主義作為一般原則,除此之外,《合同法》還對一些比較特殊的買賣作了專門規(guī)定,如涉及運輸?shù)馁I賣,路貨買賣,遠程買賣等。 我國《合同法》對標的物風險負擔的規(guī)定還存在一些不足之處,本文根據(jù)國際公約、國際慣例和其他國家先進立法理論,在文中穿插了對《合同法》相關規(guī)定的評析和建議,期待對理論和實踐能起到一定的促進作用。
[Abstract]:Risk is everywhere, especially market trading. The risk of buying and selling the subject matter of the contract refers to a kind of unfavorable state which can't be attributed to the parties after the conclusion of the contract and thus causes the subject matter to be destroyed and lost, which is of great significance to both parties. It is directly related to the realization of the contract interests of both parties. Therefore, the research on the risk burden of the subject-matter is particularly important, which is regulated by the civil law, international conventions and international conventions of various countries. However, the legislative choice of risk burden and the understanding of contract law in our country are controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out in-depth study on the risk burden of the subject matter of the contract of sale and purchase. In the theory of risk burden, there are three theories: contract formation theory, ownership theory and delivery theory. The theory of contract formation urges the parties to perform the contract in time on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of the parties, but it does not distinguish between the formation of the contract and the effectiveness of the contract, and the buyer is not protected enough, which has been abandoned by most countries at present. Although there has been some progress in ownership, there are still many drawbacks. Different countries have different definitions of ownership change, which is difficult to accurately grasp in international trade, and when the seller has no right to dispose, there will be no one to bear the risk based on the ownership principle. Delivery doctrine refers to the transfer of the risk of the subject matter with delivery, which effectively solves the drawbacks of other claims and becomes a generally accepted theoretical proposition in most countries, but it also has some shortcomings. The law of contract of our country adopts the principle of delivery as a general principle. In addition, the contract Law also makes special provisions on some relatively special transactions, such as the sale of goods involving transportation, the sale of goods by road, the sale of long-distance goods, and so on. According to international conventions, international conventions and advanced legislative theories of other countries, this paper introduces some comments and suggestions on the relevant provisions of contract Law. Expect to play a certain role in promoting theory and practice.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.6

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