【摘要】：相對優(yōu)勢地位的產(chǎn)生是市場經(jīng)濟的必然現(xiàn)象,主要發(fā)生在上下游企業(yè)之間特定的垂直交易中,雙方本著長期交易下去的目的而產(chǎn)生的相對優(yōu)勢地位現(xiàn)象。相對優(yōu)勢地位與一方企業(yè)對交易相對人的依賴程度及該企業(yè)是否存在轉向其他交易相對人的可能性有關。 當具有相對優(yōu)勢地位的企業(yè)濫用該優(yōu)勢地位,破壞競爭,損害消費者利益時,應該受到法律的規(guī)制。在法律實踐中,濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的行為一般受民法或者合同法的規(guī)制,但是民法或者合同法在契約自由的精神下,往往很難對相對優(yōu)勢地位的濫用行為起到規(guī)制作用,在實際操作中也具有很大的局限性。并且,除了民法或者合同法之外,我國并沒有統(tǒng)一的關于規(guī)制濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的全國性法律條文,而只是依據(jù)各地出臺的濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位中某一具體行為的意見或者辦法,這就使得被害人或者有關機關在試圖尋求法律途徑時,變得無法可依,或者只有一部分行為有法可依。 本文擬從相對優(yōu)勢地位的含義入手,通過分析相對優(yōu)勢地位產(chǎn)生的原因,提出了應該由反壟斷法進行規(guī)制濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位行為的觀點；在此基礎之上,本文介紹了相對優(yōu)勢地位的理論基礎-依賴性理論,并以濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的經(jīng)典案例作為支撐依賴性理論的論據(jù)；本文還通過分析國外在規(guī)制濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的法律進程,以及我國法律規(guī)章對此規(guī)定的現(xiàn)狀,提出了自己的建議和看法。 本文第一部分論述了相對優(yōu)勢地位的內涵并分析了與相對優(yōu)勢地位有關的其他問題。首先為相對優(yōu)勢地位下了定義；其次闡述了相對優(yōu)勢地位產(chǎn)生的原因,并與絕對優(yōu)勢地位作比較,說明其存在有其特殊性；最后,表明自己的觀點,即濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位應該由反壟斷法進行規(guī)制,并分析了由反壟斷法規(guī)制的合理性。 本文第二部分論述了相對優(yōu)勢地位的理論基礎-依賴性理論。具體論述了依賴性理論的概念及其判斷標準即(1)更換交易相對人的可能性；(2)相對人轉向其他交易渠道的可替代性；(3)相對人轉向其他交易渠道的期待可能性。 本文第三部分引用經(jīng)典案例論證了濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位發(fā)生的主要類型為(1)對品牌產(chǎn)品的依賴；(2)對長期契約的依賴：(3)對必要設施的依賴；(4)供貨商對大型零售商的依賴。 本文第四部分論述了我國和國外對濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的法律規(guī)制。首先,介紹并評價了國外對濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的法律規(guī)制；其次,著重分析了我國關于規(guī)制濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的法律現(xiàn)狀和不足之處,由此引出下文筆者提出的相關建議。 本文第五部分主要就如何規(guī)制濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位提出了法律建議。筆者從濫用相對優(yōu)勢地位的構成要件,法律責任,引入雙邊市場理論,充分發(fā)揮民事訴訟的力量以及行業(yè)協(xié)會的垂直自律功能等五個層面提出了建議和看法。
[Abstract]:The emergence of comparative advantage status is an inevitable phenomenon of market economy, which mainly occurs in the specific vertical transaction between upstream and downstream enterprises. The relative advantage status is related to the degree of dependence on the relative party and the possibility that the firm can turn to the other relative party. When the enterprises with relative advantage abuse the advantage, destroy the competition and damage the interests of consumers, they should be regulated by law. In legal practice, the abuse of comparative advantage status is generally regulated by civil law or contract law. However, in the spirit of freedom of contract, civil law or contract law is often difficult to regulate the abuse of comparative advantage status. Also has the very big limitation in the actual operation. Moreover, in addition to civil law or contract law, there is no uniform national legal provision on the regulation of abuse of comparative advantage status in China, but only according to the opinions or methods of abusing a specific act of comparative advantage status issued by various localities. This makes it impossible for victims or authorities to seek legal means, or only some acts. This paper intends to start with the meaning of comparative advantage status, through the analysis of the reasons for the emergence of comparative advantage status, put forward the viewpoint that the abuse of comparative advantage status should be regulated by anti-monopoly law, and on this basis, This paper introduces the theoretical basis of relative advantage-dependence theory, and takes the classical case of abuse of relative advantage as the argument to support the dependence theory, and also analyzes the legal process of regulating abuse of relative advantage abroad. As well as our country's laws and regulations to this stipulation present situation, has put forward own suggestion and the opinion. The first part of this paper discusses the connotation of relative advantage and analyzes other problems related to relative advantage. First, it defines the position of relative advantage; secondly, it explains the reasons of the position of relative advantage, and compares it with the position of absolute advantage, which shows that its existence has its particularity; finally, it shows its own viewpoint. That is, abuse of comparative advantage should be regulated by antimonopoly law, and the rationality of regulation by antimonopoly law is analyzed. The second part of this paper discusses the relative advantage position of the theoretical basis-dependence theory. The concept of dependence theory and its criterion are discussed in detail, that is, (1) the possibility of replacing the relative party; (2) the possibility of the relative person turning to other trading channels; (3) the possibility of the counterpart's expectation to turn to other trading channels. In the third part, the main types of abuse of comparative advantage are as follows: (1) dependence on brand products; (2) dependence on long-term contracts; (3) dependence on necessary facilities; (4) dependence of suppliers on large retailers. The fourth part discusses the legal regulation of abuse of comparative advantage in China and abroad. First of all, it introduces and evaluates the foreign legal regulation of abuse of comparative advantage status; secondly, it analyzes the current legal situation and deficiencies of our country on the abuse of comparative advantage status, which leads to the relevant suggestions put forward by the author below. The fifth part of this paper puts forward some legal suggestions on how to regulate the abuse of comparative advantage. The author puts forward some suggestions and opinions from five aspects, such as the constitution of abusing the position of comparative advantage, legal liability, introducing the theory of bilateral market, giving full play to the power of civil action and the vertical self-discipline function of the trade association.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.294

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