本文選題：帕累托最優(yōu) + 契約自由�。� 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：法律賦予締約當(dāng)事人平等的地位，但是在法的實(shí)踐中具體的締約主體實(shí)際的地位并不平等。締約主體在締約過程中根據(jù)所掌握的信息進(jìn)行行為的選擇，繼而這種行為會隨著締約的深入轉(zhuǎn)化成契約條款，并最終決定了權(quán)利義務(wù)的分配、信息的不平等導(dǎo)致了契約的不平等。這種不平等隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展愈發(fā)明顯，尤其是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)交易日益盛行的今天，網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐案件頻頻曝光，反映了我國信息披露制度存在的問題。 當(dāng)法律意義上公平正義訴求在法的實(shí)踐中被質(zhì)疑甚至否定后，怎樣通過特定的制度使之回歸到正軌，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角往往能提供些根本性的參考。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)是整個社會追求的最高境界。帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)根基于經(jīng)濟(jì)人假設(shè)和自由競爭，但是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一狀態(tài)需要很多條件，其中經(jīng)濟(jì)人的理性往往表現(xiàn)出自利和短視一面，在締約前總是試圖占據(jù)著信息優(yōu)勢地位來磋商，甚至利用對方的錯誤或者通過欺詐來獲利；同時整個市場要實(shí)現(xiàn)充分自由競爭則必須滿足信息的充分共享和要素的自由流動，在實(shí)際中信息不對稱的廣泛存在大大提高了交易成本，最終損害的還是整個市場機(jī)體。信息披露在實(shí)現(xiàn)帕累托最優(yōu)，提高市場效率方面找到了其經(jīng)濟(jì)視角的合法性。 契約自由作為契約法的靈魂，其發(fā)展脈絡(luò)中跟隨著信息披露的影子，二者的關(guān)系并不是簡單的此消彼長，而是當(dāng)契約自由得到發(fā)展時，在契約自由生長的土壤里面信息披露能得到發(fā)展，合理的信息披露更有利于契約的真正自由；在契約自由本身發(fā)展受到限制的時候，信息披露的發(fā)展很難有所突破。在法學(xué)領(lǐng)域里面來研究，離不開基礎(chǔ)理論里面的契約自由和信息披露、誠信原則和信息披露的關(guān)系探析，這兩對關(guān)系的探討最終都指向應(yīng)當(dāng)合理地披露信息，對締約當(dāng)事人來講才能實(shí)現(xiàn)雙方權(quán)利義務(wù)合理分配，并在平等的基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到各自的締約目的；在宏觀層面來講是會有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)整個社會的公平正義，讓整個社會有序運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 比較法的視角簡單介紹域外幾個國家的信息披露發(fā)展情況，英國、美國對于先合同階段的信息披露義務(wù)是持消極態(tài)度的，采取買方自慎規(guī)則來對待；德國法根據(jù)誠信原則以及締約過失責(zé)任將披露義務(wù)引入；法國法對信息披露規(guī)定最多，認(rèn)為沉默較之謊言，具有同樣的違法性。 法理的分析、經(jīng)濟(jì)的視角和域外法的簡述，對于認(rèn)識信息披露和構(gòu)建披露制度有很大的幫助。在構(gòu)建起一般規(guī)則的前提下，最重要的目的是規(guī)避因為信息不平等帶來的惡意詐騙和優(yōu)勢方利用契約對方的錯誤來獲利。我國立法中對信息披露的規(guī)定不明確，在《合同法》中應(yīng)該在總則中作出一般性的規(guī)定，，在有名合同中作出具體規(guī)定，使之更符合社會的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The law gives equal status to the contracting parties, but the actual status of the concrete contracting subjects is not equal in the practice of law. In the process of contracting, the subject of contracting chooses the behavior according to the information in his possession, and then this kind of behavior will be transformed into a contract clause with the deepening of contracting, and ultimately determines the distribution of rights and obligations. The inequality of information leads to the inequality of contract. With the development of economy and society, this kind of inequality becomes more and more obvious, especially in the network trading day by day, the network fraud cases are exposed frequently, which reflects the existing problems of our country's information disclosure system. When the demand for justice in the sense of law is questioned or even denied in the practice of law, how to return it to the right through a specific system, the economic perspective can often provide some fundamental reference. In the field of economics, Pareto optimal state is the highest state of the whole society. Pareto's optimal state is based on the hypothesis of economic man and free competition, but many conditions are needed to realize this state, in which the rationality of economic man is often manifested by profit and shortsightedness. Prior to the conclusion of the treaty, attempts were always made to negotiate in the position of information advantage, or even to take advantage of each other's mistakes or to profit from fraud; at the same time, the full sharing of information and the free flow of elements must be satisfied in order to achieve full free competition in the market as a whole. In practice, the widespread existence of asymmetric information greatly increases transaction costs, and ultimately damages the whole market body. Information disclosure has found the legitimacy of its economic perspective in realizing Pareto optimal and improving market efficiency. As the soul of contract law, freedom of contract follows the shadow of information disclosure in its development. In the soil where contract freedom grows, information disclosure can be developed, reasonable information disclosure is more conducive to the real freedom of contract; when the development of freedom of contract itself is restricted, the development of information disclosure is difficult to break through. The research in the field of law cannot be separated from the relationship between the freedom of contract and information disclosure, the principle of good faith and the disclosure of information in the basic theory. The discussion of these two relations ultimately points to the need to disclose information reasonably. Only for the contracting parties to realize the reasonable distribution of rights and obligations, and on the basis of equality to achieve their objectives; in the macro level will be conducive to the realization of the whole society fair and just, let the whole society run in an orderly manner. The perspective of comparative law briefly introduces the development of information disclosure in several foreign countries. The United Kingdom and the United States have a negative attitude towards the obligation of information disclosure in the first stage of the contract, and take the buyer's discretion rule to treat it. German law introduces the obligation of disclosure according to the principle of good faith and the liability for fault in contracting; French law provides the most information disclosure and holds that silence is the same illegality as lies. The analysis of legal theory, the angle of view of economy and the brief introduction of extraterritorial law are of great help to the understanding of information disclosure and the construction of disclosure system. Under the premise of constructing general rules, the most important purpose is to avoid malicious fraud caused by information inequality and advantage parties to use the error of the other party to profit. The provisions of information disclosure in our country's legislation are not clear. In contract Law, we should make general provisions in general and specific provisions in famous contracts so as to make them more in line with the development of society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 唐全召;丁孟禮;;消費(fèi)合同中經(jīng)營者信息披露義務(wù)研究——以信息不對稱為基礎(chǔ)[J];法制與社會;2006年21期

2 江平,程合紅,申衛(wèi)星;論新合同法中的合同自由原則與誠實(shí)信用原則[J];政法論壇;1999年01期

本文編號：1857395