本文選題：發(fā)達國家 + 保險監(jiān)管��； 參考：《吉林大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：保險監(jiān)管是保障保險業(yè)健康、有序發(fā)展，保障保險消費者合法權益的重要手段。一般情況下，保險監(jiān)管更多地體現(xiàn)為政府行為，是一種宏觀層面的調控與監(jiān)管，因此其所使用的手段主要表現(xiàn)為法律法規(guī)、行政指令和經濟手段。世界各國基本上都建立了各具特色的保險監(jiān)管制度，通過多層次的機構設計和科學的手段實現(xiàn)對保險業(yè)的監(jiān)管。2008年全球金融危機的爆發(fā)使各國重新審視了保險監(jiān)管的內容和范圍，危機的發(fā)展速度和涉及范圍都超出了人們的預期，從而引發(fā)了人們對保險監(jiān)管問題的重新思考。 近年來，隨著我國加入WTO后保險業(yè)對外開放程度不斷提高，保險業(yè)的發(fā)展也表現(xiàn)出快速增長的勢頭，但是我國保險業(yè)在快速發(fā)展的過程中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多問題。以往，我國在保險監(jiān)管領域經常參考英國、美國、日本、德國等發(fā)達國家的保險監(jiān)管理念和模式，但是本輪金融危機的爆發(fā)使我們清醒地意識到必須避免盲目的跟從，要從中國的實際情況出發(fā)建立起一套穩(wěn)定、有效的監(jiān)管機制，這樣才能保證我國保險業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。 本文以主要發(fā)達國家保險監(jiān)管制度為研究對象，研究保險監(jiān)管制度和風險防范問題，并希望對中國完善保險監(jiān)管制度、防范金融風險等問題有所啟發(fā)。首先，，論文梳理了保險監(jiān)管制度的一般理論；其次，研究英國保險監(jiān)管制度的內容及特點；再次，研究美國保險監(jiān)管制度的內容及特點；第四，研究德國保險監(jiān)管制度的內容及特點；第五，研究日本保險監(jiān)管制度的內容及特點；第六，比較主要發(fā)達國家保險監(jiān)管制度異同并分析其發(fā)展趨勢；最后，在總結主要發(fā)達國家經驗基礎上，探索如何發(fā)展和完善中國保險監(jiān)管制度。對于上述內容的研究得出一些有意義的結論。 保險監(jiān)管因涉及的層面不同可以分為廣義和狹義兩種，一般研究中多以狹義保險監(jiān)管為對象，重點考察政府實施的監(jiān)管活動。保險監(jiān)管的基本內容通常包括保險組織監(jiān)管、保險市場秩序監(jiān)管、保險償付能力監(jiān)管、保險投資監(jiān)管、保險中介人監(jiān)管和再保險監(jiān)管等六個方面。保險監(jiān)管的基本框架主要包括目標、意義、核心原則和主要模式。保險監(jiān)管的理論體系來源于一般的規(guī)制理論，主要指政府或一些具有類似權威的組織對某一行業(yè)的干預，通常使用的手段包括法律和行政命令等。保險監(jiān)管的主要理論包括公共利益理論、利益集團理論、保險監(jiān)管成本理論和不完備法律理論等。 英國的保險市場監(jiān)管制度演進大致經歷了三個階段，分別是20世紀70年代以前的有限監(jiān)管階段、20世紀70－90年代的監(jiān)管法律制度建設階段、1997年以后的統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管階段。英國的保險監(jiān)管制度具有三個特殊性：第一，具有世界上最完備的保險經紀人制度，對保險經紀人的監(jiān)管十分嚴格；第二，勞合社是保險業(yè)自律性組織的典范，其對保險參與者的要求甚至較一般行業(yè)標準更為嚴格；第三，對歐盟保險償付能力標準Ⅱ的推行是強化其保險監(jiān)管的重要內容。英國保險監(jiān)管制度的特征主要包括：政府監(jiān)管相對寬松，行業(yè)自律性極強；信息公開透明，有效保護消費者權益；強調償付能力，統(tǒng)一金融監(jiān)管。 美國保險監(jiān)管制度的演進也分為三個階段，分別是19世紀中期至20世紀60年代的嚴格監(jiān)管階段、20世紀60年代至21世紀初的放松監(jiān)管與償付能力審慎監(jiān)管階段以及21世紀初至今的監(jiān)管力量整合階段。美國保險監(jiān)管的目的在于保護被保險人的利益，十分強調費率監(jiān)管、償付能力監(jiān)管和保險監(jiān)管與保險評級機構的互動。美國保險監(jiān)管制度的特征主要包括：嚴格而規(guī)范的州監(jiān)管體系是美國保險監(jiān)管的主體；適度擴張的聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管體系成為近年來的主要特色；完善的混業(yè)經營監(jiān)管規(guī)范是保證美國保險市場穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要基礎。 德國保險兩大法律  《保險監(jiān)管法》和《保險合同法》是德國保險監(jiān)管監(jiān)管制度的基本框架，在百年歷史中都經歷了多次修改。隨著歐盟保險市場一體化程度的不斷加深，其做出的適應性調整也相應增加。德國在現(xiàn)有法律中重點對原保險市場在保險監(jiān)管責任范圍、保險人的建議和說明義務、投保人的告知義務和責任、以及被保險人權利等方面進行了重要修改。德國保險監(jiān)管制度具有法律制度健全、監(jiān)管體系層次多以及監(jiān)管制度應急調整及時等特點。正是這些特點使德國保險業(yè)在2008年全球金融危機和2010年歐洲債務危機爆發(fā)后都表現(xiàn)出了穩(wěn)定的增長態(tài)勢，保險業(yè)業(yè)績在全球處于領先地位。 日本保險監(jiān)管制度演進也分為三個時期，分別是二戰(zhàn)后到20世紀80年代的傳統(tǒng)模式階段、20世紀80年代中期到90年代末的監(jiān)管改革階段以及20世紀90年代末至今的監(jiān)管穩(wěn)定階段。日本保險監(jiān)管制度涉及監(jiān)管機構、償付能力監(jiān)管標準、保險費率、保險資金運用、保護基金制度、信息保護制度、經營范圍、營銷方式以及外資保險公司等多個方面。日本保險監(jiān)管的特征為：具有比較成熟監(jiān)管體系和模式，加強中介機構的管理，強化公司內部管理，以市場化原則完善保險市場，遵守國際保險監(jiān)管標準。 英國、美國、德國和日本為代表的主要發(fā)達國家在保險監(jiān)管模式方面的相同之處在于其法律體系相對都比較完善，都建立了詳細而完備的法律法規(guī)；都建立了獨立和健全的保險監(jiān)管機構以控制金融風險；基本完成了由監(jiān)管內容向償付能力監(jiān)管的轉變，由分業(yè)監(jiān)管向混業(yè)監(jiān)管轉變。差異之處在于：保險監(jiān)管所秉承的理念和思想不盡相同，混業(yè)經營監(jiān)管體系不同。本文從監(jiān)管原則、有效風險控制、監(jiān)管方式、監(jiān)管合作和監(jiān)管實踐等五個方面分析了監(jiān)管合作存在的必要性和合理性。此外，強調各國應該加強宏觀審慎監(jiān)管、集團監(jiān)管、監(jiān)管合作與協(xié)調的發(fā)展趨勢。 中國保險業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史較短，保險監(jiān)管制度也不夠成熟。中國保險監(jiān)管制度在強調和加強償付能力監(jiān)管的同時，也束縛了保險業(yè)市場競爭力的提升。本文認為，中國完善保險監(jiān)管制度應該從制定保險監(jiān)管目標入手，加強保險監(jiān)管法制體系建設，逐步轉向以償付能力為主的保險監(jiān)管方式，積極防范混業(yè)經營可能帶來的風險，建立公開信息披露制度，使中國保險市場持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Insurance supervision is an important means to guarantee the healthy and orderly development of insurance industry and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of insurance consumers . In general , insurance supervision is embodied as government behavior , which is a macro - level regulation and regulation . Therefore , the means used mainly include laws , regulations , administrative instructions and economic means . The global financial crisis has basically established various insurance supervision systems with different characteristics , and the development speed of the crisis and the scope of the crisis are beyond the expectations of people , thus causing people to reconsider insurance supervision .


In recent years , with China ' s accession to the WTO , the opening of the insurance industry has increased and the development of the insurance industry has also shown a lot of problems . In the past , China ' s insurance industry has also found a lot of problems in the course of rapid development . In the past , our country has always made reference to insurance supervision concepts and models in developed countries such as the UK , the United States , Japan , Germany and so on in the field of insurance supervision .


In this paper , the insurance supervision system of the main developed countries is studied , the insurance supervision system and the risk prevention are studied , and it is hoped that the insurance supervision system should be improved and the financial risks should be protected . First , the general theory of the insurance supervision system is reviewed .
Secondly , the contents and characteristics of UK insurance supervision system are studied .
Thirdly , the content and characteristics of American insurance supervision system are studied .
Fourthly , to study the contents and characteristics of German insurance supervision system ;
Fifth , to study the contents and characteristics of Japan ' s insurance supervision system ;
sixthly , comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences between the insurance supervision system of the major developed countries and analyzing the developing trend ;
Finally , on the basis of summarizing the experience of the major developed countries , we explore how to develop and perfect China ' s insurance supervision system .


Insurance supervision is divided into broad sense and narrow sense because of the different aspects . The basic contents of insurance supervision usually include insurance organization supervision , insurance market order supervision , insurance solvency regulation , insurance investment supervision , insurance intermediary supervision and reinsurance supervision . The theory system of insurance supervision is derived from general regulation theory , which mainly refers to the government or some organizations with similar authority to intervene in a certain industry . The main theories of insurance supervision include public interest theory , interest group theory , insurance supervision cost theory and incomplete legal theory .


The evolution of British insurance market supervision system has undergone three stages , namely , the limited supervision stage before the 1970s , the construction stage of supervision legal system in the 1970s and 1990s , and the unified supervision stage after 1997 . The insurance supervision system in England has three particularity : First , it has the most complete insurance broker system in the world , and the supervision of insurance broker is very strict ;
Second , Lloyd ' s is a model of insurance industry ' s self - discipline organization , which is more strict to the requirements of insurance participants and even more general industry standards ;
Third , the implementation of EU insurance solvency standard II is an important part of strengthening its insurance supervision . The characteristics of UK insurance supervision system mainly include : relatively loose government regulation , strong industry self - discipline ;
Information disclosure is transparent and effective in protecting consumers ' rights and interests ;
Emphasis is placed on solvency and harmonization of financial regulation .


The evolution of the American insurance supervision system is divided into three stages , namely , the strict supervision stage of the mid - 19th century to the 1960s , the deregulation and solvency prudential supervision stage in the early 1960s and the beginning of the 21st century , and the supervision power integration stage to the present since the beginning of the 21st century . The purpose of the insurance supervision in the United States lies in protecting the interests of the insured , emphasizing the interaction between the rate supervision , the solvency regulation and the insurance supervision and insurance rating agencies .
A moderately expanded federal regulatory system has become a major feature in recent years ;
The perfect regulation of mixed operation is an important basis for ensuring the stable development of American insurance market .


寰峰浗淇濋櫓涓ゅぇ娉曞緥  <淇濋櫓鐩戠娉

本文編號：1818195