本文選題：發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 + 保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管是保障保險(xiǎn)業(yè)健康、有序發(fā)展，保障保險(xiǎn)消費(fèi)者合法權(quán)益的重要手段。一般情況下，保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管更多地體現(xiàn)為政府行為，是一種宏觀層面的調(diào)控與監(jiān)管，因此其所使用的手段主要表現(xiàn)為法律法規(guī)、行政指令和經(jīng)濟(jì)手段。世界各國(guó)基本上都建立了各具特色的保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度，通過(guò)多層次的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和科學(xué)的手段實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的監(jiān)管。2008年全球金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)使各國(guó)重新審視了保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的內(nèi)容和范圍，危機(jī)的發(fā)展速度和涉及范圍都超出了人們的預(yù)期，從而引發(fā)了人們對(duì)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管問(wèn)題的重新思考。 近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)加入WTO后保險(xiǎn)業(yè)對(duì)外開(kāi)放程度不斷提高，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展也表現(xiàn)出快速增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭，但是我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)在快速發(fā)展的過(guò)程中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多問(wèn)題。以往，我國(guó)在保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管領(lǐng)域經(jīng)常參考英國(guó)、美國(guó)、日本、德國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管理念和模式，但是本輪金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)使我們清醒地意識(shí)到必須避免盲目的跟從，要從中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況出發(fā)建立起一套穩(wěn)定、有效的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，這樣才能保證我國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。 本文以主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度為研究對(duì)象，研究保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范問(wèn)題，并希望對(duì)中國(guó)完善保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度、防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等問(wèn)題有所啟發(fā)。首先，，論文梳理了保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的一般理論；其次，研究英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)；再次，研究美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)；第四，研究德國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)；第五，研究日本保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)；第六，比較主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度異同并分析其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；最后，在總結(jié)主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上，探索如何發(fā)展和完善中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度。對(duì)于上述內(nèi)容的研究得出一些有意義的結(jié)論。 保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管因涉及的層面不同可以分為廣義和狹義兩種，一般研究中多以狹義保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管為對(duì)象，重點(diǎn)考察政府實(shí)施的監(jiān)管活動(dòng)。保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的基本內(nèi)容通常包括保險(xiǎn)組織監(jiān)管、保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)秩序監(jiān)管、保險(xiǎn)償付能力監(jiān)管、保險(xiǎn)投資監(jiān)管、保險(xiǎn)中介人監(jiān)管和再保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管等六個(gè)方面。保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的基本框架主要包括目標(biāo)、意義、核心原則和主要模式。保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的理論體系來(lái)源于一般的規(guī)制理論，主要指政府或一些具有類(lèi)似權(quán)威的組織對(duì)某一行業(yè)的干預(yù)，通常使用的手段包括法律和行政命令等。保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的主要理論包括公共利益理論、利益集團(tuán)理論、保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管成本理論和不完備法律理論等。 英國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管制度演進(jìn)大致經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段，分別是20世紀(jì)70年代以前的有限監(jiān)管階段、20世紀(jì)70－90年代的監(jiān)管法律制度建設(shè)階段、1997年以后的統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管階段。英國(guó)的保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度具有三個(gè)特殊性：第一，具有世界上最完備的保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人制度，對(duì)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人的監(jiān)管十分嚴(yán)格；第二，勞合社是保險(xiǎn)業(yè)自律性組織的典范，其對(duì)保險(xiǎn)參與者的要求甚至較一般行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更為嚴(yán)格；第三，對(duì)歐盟保險(xiǎn)償付能力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Ⅱ的推行是強(qiáng)化其保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的重要內(nèi)容。英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的特征主要包括：政府監(jiān)管相對(duì)寬松，行業(yè)自律性極強(qiáng)；信息公開(kāi)透明，有效保護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益；強(qiáng)調(diào)償付能力，統(tǒng)一金融監(jiān)管。 美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的演進(jìn)也分為三個(gè)階段，分別是19世紀(jì)中期至20世紀(jì)60年代的嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管階段、20世紀(jì)60年代至21世紀(jì)初的放松監(jiān)管與償付能力審慎監(jiān)管階段以及21世紀(jì)初至今的監(jiān)管力量整合階段。美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的目的在于保護(hù)被保險(xiǎn)人的利益，十分強(qiáng)調(diào)費(fèi)率監(jiān)管、償付能力監(jiān)管和保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管與保險(xiǎn)評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)的互動(dòng)。美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度的特征主要包括：嚴(yán)格而規(guī)范的州監(jiān)管體系是美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的主體；適度擴(kuò)張的聯(lián)邦監(jiān)管體系成為近年來(lái)的主要特色；完善的混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)監(jiān)管規(guī)范是保證美國(guó)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。 德國(guó)保險(xiǎn)兩大法律  《保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管法》和《保險(xiǎn)合同法》是德國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管監(jiān)管制度的基本框架，在百年歷史中都經(jīng)歷了多次修改。隨著歐盟保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)一體化程度的不斷加深，其做出的適應(yīng)性調(diào)整也相應(yīng)增加。德國(guó)在現(xiàn)有法律中重點(diǎn)對(duì)原保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)在保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管責(zé)任范圍、保險(xiǎn)人的建議和說(shuō)明義務(wù)、投保人的告知義務(wù)和責(zé)任、以及被保險(xiǎn)人權(quán)利等方面進(jìn)行了重要修改。德國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度具有法律制度健全、監(jiān)管體系層次多以及監(jiān)管制度應(yīng)急調(diào)整及時(shí)等特點(diǎn)。正是這些特點(diǎn)使德國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)在2008年全球金融危機(jī)和2010年歐洲債務(wù)危機(jī)爆發(fā)后都表現(xiàn)出了穩(wěn)定的增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谌蛱幱陬I(lǐng)先地位。 日本保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度演進(jìn)也分為三個(gè)時(shí)期，分別是二戰(zhàn)后到20世紀(jì)80年代的傳統(tǒng)模式階段、20世紀(jì)80年代中期到90年代末的監(jiān)管改革階段以及20世紀(jì)90年代末至今的監(jiān)管穩(wěn)定階段。日本保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度涉及監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)、償付能力監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率、保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用、保護(hù)基金制度、信息保護(hù)制度、經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)方式以及外資保險(xiǎn)公司等多個(gè)方面。日本保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管的特征為：具有比較成熟監(jiān)管體系和模式，加強(qiáng)中介機(jī)構(gòu)的管理，強(qiáng)化公司內(nèi)部管理，以市場(chǎng)化原則完善保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)，遵守國(guó)際保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 英國(guó)、美國(guó)、德國(guó)和日本為代表的主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管模式方面的相同之處在于其法律體系相對(duì)都比較完善，都建立了詳細(xì)而完備的法律法規(guī)；都建立了獨(dú)立和健全的保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)以控制金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；基本完成了由監(jiān)管內(nèi)容向償付能力監(jiān)管的轉(zhuǎn)變，由分業(yè)監(jiān)管向混業(yè)監(jiān)管轉(zhuǎn)變。差異之處在于：保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管所秉承的理念和思想不盡相同，混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)監(jiān)管體系不同。本文從監(jiān)管原則、有效風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、監(jiān)管方式、監(jiān)管合作和監(jiān)管實(shí)踐等五個(gè)方面分析了監(jiān)管合作存在的必要性和合理性。此外，強(qiáng)調(diào)各國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)宏觀審慎監(jiān)管、集團(tuán)監(jiān)管、監(jiān)管合作與協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史較短，保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度也不夠成熟。中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度在強(qiáng)調(diào)和加強(qiáng)償付能力監(jiān)管的同時(shí)，也束縛了保險(xiǎn)業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的提升。本文認(rèn)為，中國(guó)完善保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管制度應(yīng)該從制定保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管目標(biāo)入手，加強(qiáng)保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管法制體系建設(shè)，逐步轉(zhuǎn)向以償付能力為主的保險(xiǎn)監(jiān)管方式，積極防范混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)可能帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，建立公開(kāi)信息披露制度，使中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Insurance supervision is an important means to guarantee the healthy and orderly development of insurance industry and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of insurance consumers . In general , insurance supervision is embodied as government behavior , which is a macro - level regulation and regulation . Therefore , the means used mainly include laws , regulations , administrative instructions and economic means . The global financial crisis has basically established various insurance supervision systems with different characteristics , and the development speed of the crisis and the scope of the crisis are beyond the expectations of people , thus causing people to reconsider insurance supervision .


In recent years , with China ' s accession to the WTO , the opening of the insurance industry has increased and the development of the insurance industry has also shown a lot of problems . In the past , China ' s insurance industry has also found a lot of problems in the course of rapid development . In the past , our country has always made reference to insurance supervision concepts and models in developed countries such as the UK , the United States , Japan , Germany and so on in the field of insurance supervision .


In this paper , the insurance supervision system of the main developed countries is studied , the insurance supervision system and the risk prevention are studied , and it is hoped that the insurance supervision system should be improved and the financial risks should be protected . First , the general theory of the insurance supervision system is reviewed .
Secondly , the contents and characteristics of UK insurance supervision system are studied .
Thirdly , the content and characteristics of American insurance supervision system are studied .
Fourthly , to study the contents and characteristics of German insurance supervision system ;
Fifth , to study the contents and characteristics of Japan ' s insurance supervision system ;
sixthly , comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences between the insurance supervision system of the major developed countries and analyzing the developing trend ;
Finally , on the basis of summarizing the experience of the major developed countries , we explore how to develop and perfect China ' s insurance supervision system .


Insurance supervision is divided into broad sense and narrow sense because of the different aspects . The basic contents of insurance supervision usually include insurance organization supervision , insurance market order supervision , insurance solvency regulation , insurance investment supervision , insurance intermediary supervision and reinsurance supervision . The theory system of insurance supervision is derived from general regulation theory , which mainly refers to the government or some organizations with similar authority to intervene in a certain industry . The main theories of insurance supervision include public interest theory , interest group theory , insurance supervision cost theory and incomplete legal theory .


The evolution of British insurance market supervision system has undergone three stages , namely , the limited supervision stage before the 1970s , the construction stage of supervision legal system in the 1970s and 1990s , and the unified supervision stage after 1997 . The insurance supervision system in England has three particularity : First , it has the most complete insurance broker system in the world , and the supervision of insurance broker is very strict ;
Second , Lloyd ' s is a model of insurance industry ' s self - discipline organization , which is more strict to the requirements of insurance participants and even more general industry standards ;
Third , the implementation of EU insurance solvency standard II is an important part of strengthening its insurance supervision . The characteristics of UK insurance supervision system mainly include : relatively loose government regulation , strong industry self - discipline ;
Information disclosure is transparent and effective in protecting consumers ' rights and interests ;
Emphasis is placed on solvency and harmonization of financial regulation .


The evolution of the American insurance supervision system is divided into three stages , namely , the strict supervision stage of the mid - 19th century to the 1960s , the deregulation and solvency prudential supervision stage in the early 1960s and the beginning of the 21st century , and the supervision power integration stage to the present since the beginning of the 21st century . The purpose of the insurance supervision in the United States lies in protecting the interests of the insured , emphasizing the interaction between the rate supervision , the solvency regulation and the insurance supervision and insurance rating agencies .
A moderately expanded federal regulatory system has become a major feature in recent years ;
The perfect regulation of mixed operation is an important basis for ensuring the stable development of American insurance market .


寰峰浗淇濋櫓涓ゅぇ娉曞緥  <淇濋櫓鐩戠娉

本文編號(hào)：1818195