本文選題：工程簽證與索賠　切入點(diǎn)：索賠證據(jù)　出處：《海南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,我國(guó)建筑施工行業(yè)迎來第二次高峰期,對(duì)總承包人來說是機(jī)遇與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并存。本文并非鼓勵(lì)"超低價(jià)中標(biāo)勤索賠"的惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng),而是在總承包人能保證工程質(zhì)量達(dá)到合格、優(yōu)良(最好能達(dá)到魯班獎(jiǎng)等榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))的情況下維護(hù)總承包人合法權(quán)益。目前總承包人和發(fā)包人之間存在一種微妙的人情關(guān)系,二者地位嚴(yán)重不平等,大多數(shù)情況下,總承包人為了能從發(fā)包人手中拿到項(xiàng)目對(duì)發(fā)包人的要求大都是照單全收。同時(shí)總承包人自身也不重視工程索賠程序和工程索賠證據(jù)收集。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)索賠難的情況時(shí),總承包人能否運(yùn)用合同法"有約定從約定"原則轉(zhuǎn)嫁工程索賠風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?工程索賠能否適用"債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓"?是否適用"優(yōu)先受償權(quán)"以及能否就工程索賠款主張利息等疑難問題普遍存在。筆者結(jié)合自身一線實(shí)務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及相關(guān)案例,就總承包人向發(fā)包人提起工程索賠問題從實(shí)務(wù)角度進(jìn)行了探討。全文由四個(gè)部分組成:第一部分是對(duì)總承包人向發(fā)包人提起工程索賠的基本理論研究。文章首先對(duì)總承包人向發(fā)包人提起工程索賠進(jìn)行了界定;之后分析了工程索賠基本原則,為后文提出工程索賠實(shí)務(wù)問題和解決對(duì)策提供理論支持。同時(shí)也對(duì)工程索賠和工程簽證的關(guān)系做了詳細(xì)論證,點(diǎn)明工程簽證等索賠證據(jù)在工程索賠實(shí)施過程中的重要性。第二部分從總承包人向發(fā)包人提起工程索賠實(shí)務(wù)中存在的5個(gè)問題入手,分別從實(shí)務(wù)案例爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)的角度來分析每個(gè)問題是什么和為什么,說明了本文的研究?jī)r(jià)值以及我國(guó)總承包人目前應(yīng)加強(qiáng)工程索賠管理的重要性和緊迫性。第三部分因?qū)崉?wù)中大量總承包人對(duì)工程索賠款遲遲拿不到手,又礙于與發(fā)包人繼續(xù)合作的情面一般不會(huì)就工程索賠款提起訴訟或仲裁。那么,是否存在其他途徑來解決工程索賠問題呢?本文依據(jù)實(shí)務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和相關(guān)法院判決或仲裁裁定,結(jié)合民法、合同法前理論,對(duì)工程索賠問題進(jìn)行深入研究,比如總承包人可用"有約定從約定原則"將工程索賠風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給各分包商、工程索賠適用于"債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓",工程索賠享有"優(yōu)先受償權(quán)"、工程索賠可主張利息等5個(gè)對(duì)策逐一進(jìn)行論證。第四部分提出我國(guó)總承包人需善用法律思維推進(jìn)工程索賠的展望。根據(jù)前面的分析,文章在這部分從企業(yè)、企業(yè)管理者以及企業(yè)全員層面(尤其是企業(yè)法務(wù)人員)入手,動(dòng)員工程總包人全員要有工程索賠意識(shí)、全員全程參與工程索賠。期望通過本文的探討,能夠促進(jìn)總承包人向發(fā)包人提起工程索賠實(shí)務(wù)問題的發(fā)展和完善。
[Abstract]:At present, the construction industry of our country ushered in the second peak period, which is the coexistence of opportunity and competition for the general contractor. This paper is not to encourage the vicious competition of "winning the claim for extra low price", but to ensure the quality of the project can be qualified by the general contractor. The legal rights and interests of the general contractor should be safeguarded under the circumstances of good (preferably to achieve an honorary award such as the Luban Award). At present, there is a delicate human relationship between the general contractor and the contractor. The status of the two is seriously unequal, and in most cases, In order to get the project from the contractor, the general contractor's request to the contractor is mostly received in full. At the same time, the general contractor himself does not attach importance to the project claim procedure and the collection of evidence for the project claim. When the claim is difficult, Can the general contractor use the contract law to transfer the risk of claim from the contract law? Can the project claim be applied to "assignment of creditor's rights"? There are many difficult problems such as whether to apply the "priority right to be reimbursed" and whether to claim interest on the project claim. The author combines his own practical experience and relevant cases. This paper discusses the problem of the general contractor filing the project claim against the contractor from a practical point of view. The full text is composed of four parts: the first part is the basic theoretical study of the general contractor filing the project claim against the contractor. The general contractor filed a claim for works with the contractor; Then it analyzes the basic principles of engineering claim, and provides theoretical support for the later article to put forward the practical problems of engineering claim and solve the countermeasures. At the same time, it also makes a detailed demonstration on the relationship between engineering claim and project visa. It points out the importance of the claim evidence such as engineering visa in the process of carrying out the project claim. The second part begins with five problems existing in the practice of bringing forward the project claim from the general contractor to the contractor. From the point of view of the focus of controversy in practical cases, respectively, to analyze what each issue is and why, It explains the research value of this paper and the importance and urgency of strengthening the project claim management by the general contractor in our country at present. The third part is due to the fact that a large number of general contractors in practice have been unable to get the claim money for the project. Due to the continued cooperation with the contractor, there is generally no litigation or arbitration over the project claim. So, is there any other way to solve the project claim problem? Based on the practical experience and relevant court decisions or arbitration decisions, combined with the theory of civil law and contract law, this paper makes an in-depth study on the problem of engineering claims. For example, the general contractor may pass on the risk of claim for the project to the subcontractors by "agreed upon from the agreed principle". The engineering claim is applicable to the transfer of the creditor's rights, the engineering claim enjoys the "preferential right to receive compensation", and the engineering claim can be proved one by one by claiming interest. The fourth part points out that the general contractor of our country should make good use of the legal thinking to advance the project. Outlook for the claim. Based on the previous analysis, In this part, starting with the enterprise, the enterprise manager and the whole staff of the enterprise (especially the legal personnel of the enterprise), the whole staff of the general contractor of the project should have the consciousness of claim for compensation and participate in the claim of the project all the time. It is expected that through the discussion of this article, To promote the development and improvement of the general contractor's practice of filing engineering claims with the contractor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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