【摘要】：大陸架劃界問題一直是一個爭論不休的問題,爭論主要圍繞兩國間的大陸架劃界需用什么原則。目前大陸架劃界的原則主要有自然延伸原則、成比例原則、等距離中間線原則和公平原則。東海大陸架劃界問題是一直困擾中日兩國友好發(fā)展的因素,兩國對于劃界應(yīng)采取的原則的結(jié)論截然相反,隨著能源問題愈演愈烈,中日兩國之間的矛盾也逐漸升級。鑒于東海油氣等資源對于中日兩國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略意義,東海爭端對于維系地區(qū)和平、實現(xiàn)妥善解決的現(xiàn)實意義,本文擬從公平原則的基本法律概念和基本制度入手,對中日東海大陸架爭端解決依據(jù)做法律分析,希望對中日東海大陸架爭端的解決有所裨益,切實維護國家的海洋權(quán)益。 本文旨在對劃界原則進行分析整合的基礎(chǔ)上重點對公平原則做論述,同時對公平原則的整個體系做深入探討,指出公平原則是對適用其他原則劃界結(jié)果的檢驗標準,是大陸架劃界案中首要考慮的原則,其他的劃界原則與方法,只有在符合公平原則的基礎(chǔ)上才能加以適用。公平原則必須根據(jù)具體情況,結(jié)合其他的劃界方法,才能達到真正意義上的公正合理。據(jù)此,指出公平在中日大陸架劃界適用的合理性。 本文主要分為三個部分： 第一部分論述公平原則的概念、產(chǎn)生發(fā)展及內(nèi)涵。真正提出公平原則的概念是美國1945年的《杜魯門公告》,之后在很多的大陸架劃界案中被采用,1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》關(guān)于大陸架劃界問題的第八十三條規(guī)定中,雖然沒有在條文中明確規(guī)定海岸相向或相鄰國家間大陸的界限應(yīng)遵循公平原則劃定,但是強調(diào)要使劃界得到公平解決�，F(xiàn)在公平原則已經(jīng)發(fā)展為國際社會認可的一種劃界的原則,當相向國家對兩國的大陸架進行權(quán)力的劃分時,最主流的做法就是按照公平原則在協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上劃界。公平原則的內(nèi)涵是雙方在協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)上劃界,考慮一切情況,爭取達到結(jié)果公平。 第二部分是論述公平原則和其他原則的關(guān)系,以得出公平原則的適用程序。公平原則其核心內(nèi)容是結(jié)果公平,要實現(xiàn)這一結(jié)果就必須考慮與案件有關(guān)的一切情況,尤其是尊重海底地形的自然走向。首先討論了適用公平原則劃界必須考慮的各種因素；其次,討論了自然延伸原則,自然延伸是一個為實現(xiàn)公平的劃界結(jié)果而應(yīng)予考慮的重要因素之一。再次,討論了成比例原則,指出該原則是對用其他方法尤其是等距離方法取得的劃界結(jié)果的公平性進行檢驗,并在嚴重不成比例的情況下對其加以修正。最后,討論了等距離原則,認為等距離中間線只是一種劃界方法,是從屬于公平原則的劃界方法。本人的觀點是公平原則的是其他劃界原則和劃界方法劃界結(jié)果的檢驗標準,公平原則有矯正和獨立功能,自然延伸、成比例原則和等距離劃界方法在適用時是有先后順序的,最終結(jié)果都是公平。 第三部分對中日東海大陸架劃界適用公平原則的合理性進行分析論證。首先,分析東海大陸架海底的地理因素,從科學考察的結(jié)果來看,沖繩海槽是中日兩國大陸架的分界線,在劃界時應(yīng)充分考慮沖繩海槽的地理因素。其次,駁斥日本的中日兩國是“共架國”的結(jié)論,等距離中間線只是一種劃界方法,也是非強制性的,日本沒有權(quán)力讓中國接受自己單方面的主張。再次,成比例也是中日劃界應(yīng)考慮的因素,中日海岸線長度相差懸殊,而中國擁有漫長的海岸線,按這個因素,中國應(yīng)取得更多的大陸架區(qū)域,才符合公平原則的要求。最后,對中日兩國劃界做出一些分析和設(shè)想,最好在協(xié)商談判的基礎(chǔ)上公平的劃定大陸架界限。
[Abstract]:The issue of the delimitation of the continental shelf has been a question of contention, and the argument is about the principle of the delimitation of the continental shelf between the two countries. At present, the principles of the delimitation of the continental shelf mainly include the principle of natural extension, the principle of proportionality, the principle of equal distance and the principle of fairness. The issue of the delimitation of the continental shelf of the East China Sea is a factor that has always puzzled the friendly development of the two countries. In view of the strategic significance of the oil and gas resources in the East China Sea to the economic development of China and Japan, the East China Sea dispute is of practical significance to maintain the peace of the region and to achieve a proper solution, and this paper intends to start with the basic legal concept and the basic system of the principle of equity. On the basis of the legal analysis of the dispute settlement of the continental shelf in the East China Sea, it is hoped that the dispute settlement of the continental shelf in the East China Sea will be beneficial, and the maritime rights and interests of the State can be effectively maintained. The purpose of this paper is to make an analysis of the principle of the delimitation, to focus on the principle of fairness, and to make a deep discussion on the whole system of the principle of equity, and to point out that the principle of fairness is the standard for the examination of the results of the application of other principles, which is the primary consideration in the submission of the continental shelf. then, other delimitation principles and methods can be adapted only on the basis of the principle of equity The principle of equity must be used in accordance with the specific circumstances, in combination with other methods of demarcation, in order to achieve a true sense of justice. On the basis of which, it is pointed out that the application of fairness in the delimitation of the continental shelf of China and Japan is reasonable The paper is divided into three parts: Part 1: The first part deals with the concept of the principle of equity, which is produced Development and connotation. The concept of a genuine principle of equity is the United States of 1945. The United States Convention on the Law of the Sea,1982, on the delimitation of the continental shelf, was adopted in the United States in 1945. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, eighty-eighth session on the delimitation of the continental shelf in that article, although there is no provision in the provision that the delimitation of the boundary between the coasts or the inter-State is to be made in accordance with the principle of fairness, it is stressed that the delimitation is to be made To a fair settlement. The principle of equity has now evolved to the principle of a delimitation that is recognized by the international community and, when the two countries are divided by the power of the continental shelf of the two countries, the most mainstream approach is to deal with the principle of fairness in the context of the agreement The meaning of the principle of equity is the delimitation of the two parties on the basis of the agreement, taking into account all the circumstances and the pursuit of The second part is to discuss the relationship between the principle of equity and other principles in order to get a fair The principle of application of the principle. The core of the principle of equity is the result of equity, and it is important to take into account all the circumstances related to the case, in particular the respect of the seabed The natural trend of the terrain. First of all, the various factors that must be taken into account for the application of the principle of fair principle are discussed; secondly, the principle of natural extension is discussed, and the natural extension is a result of the equitable delimitation and should be considered One of the important elements of this is the fact that the principle of proportionality was discussed, noting that the principle was an examination of the fairness of the delimitation results obtained with other methods, in particular the equal-range approach, and in a serious and disproportionate situation In the end, the principle of equal distance is discussed, and it is considered that the equal-distance intermediate line is only a method of demarcation, which is a kind of fairness. The method of demarcation of the principle. My view is that the principle of fairness is the standard of examination of the delimitation of the other delimitation principles and the delimitation method, the principle of equity has the function of correction and independence, the natural extension, the proportional principle and the equal-distance delimitation method are sequential and most important in the case of application, The final result is fair. The third part applies the principle of fairness to the delimitation of the continental shelf of the East China Sea. The rationality of the continental shelf of the East China Sea is analyzed and demonstrated. First, the geographical factors of the bottom of the continental shelf of the East China Sea are analyzed. From the results of the scientific investigation, the Okinawa Trough is the dividing line of the continental shelf between China and Japan. Second, it refutes the conclusion that Japan's two countries are co-sponsors, and the intermediate line is only a method of demarcation, and it is non-mandatory. Japan has no power to let China The proportion is also one of the factors that the delimitation of China and Japan should take into account, the length of the coastline of China and Japan is very different, and China has a long coastline, according to which China should have more continental shelf areas To meet the requirements of the principle of equity. Finally, a number of analyses and ideas are made to the delimitation of the two countries, and it is best to build on the basis of the negotiation.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D993.5

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