【摘要】：難民問(wèn)題是一個(gè)自古便有之的國(guó)際性難題。20世紀(jì)以來(lái),隨著世界全球化進(jìn)程的加快,國(guó)際格局和各國(guó)間的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力對(duì)比都發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,此外,由于一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)國(guó)內(nèi)政局動(dòng)蕩、暴力沖突不斷、種族和宗教斗爭(zhēng)激烈、侵犯人權(quán)的事件此起彼伏,這使得難民問(wèn)題的形勢(shì)也日漸嚴(yán)峻。雖然目前國(guó)際社會(huì)在難民保護(hù)工作上作出了許多努力,但由于難民問(wèn)題的國(guó)際性和復(fù)雜性,難民國(guó)際保護(hù)工作的推進(jìn)依然面臨著重重困難。因此,國(guó)家作為難民問(wèn)題的主要來(lái)源者和難民保護(hù)工作的主力軍,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格地遵守國(guó)際難民法的相關(guān)規(guī)則,積極地承擔(dān)起難民保護(hù)的義務(wù)。本文以幾個(gè)主要的國(guó)際難民法律文件為依據(jù),并結(jié)合國(guó)家保護(hù)責(zé)任理論和國(guó)家責(zé)任理論,進(jìn)行了理論創(chuàng)新,對(duì)國(guó)家在難民保護(hù)過(guò)程中所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的義務(wù)進(jìn)行了研究。本文對(duì)該問(wèn)題的論述共分為四部分:第一部分主要闡述國(guó)家的難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。該部分介紹了與本文之后三部分有著直接聯(lián)系的國(guó)家難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的產(chǎn)生、確立與發(fā)展的情況,分析了不同歷史時(shí)期國(guó)際難民法律文件的特點(diǎn)及國(guó)家承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的具體狀況,論證了各國(guó)際法規(guī)則和法律淵源對(duì)國(guó)家難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的發(fā)展起到了怎樣的作用,闡述了國(guó)家承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的法律依據(jù),解答了為什么國(guó)家要承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)的問(wèn)題。第二部分主要分析國(guó)家的難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)的構(gòu)成。該部分在結(jié)合保護(hù)責(zé)任論的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了一定的理論創(chuàng)新,分別從積極的保護(hù)義務(wù)和消極的不推回義務(wù)的角度探討了國(guó)家承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)這兩種主要形式,解答了國(guó)家在難民保護(hù)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)承擔(dān)怎樣的義務(wù)的問(wèn)題。第三部分主要論述國(guó)家難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的履行。該部分結(jié)合了第一、二部分,介紹了目前國(guó)家承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)的國(guó)際義務(wù)所面臨的主要困難,并對(duì)國(guó)家履行難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)的基本原則和履行方式進(jìn)行了研究,解答了國(guó)家在承擔(dān)難民保護(hù)義務(wù)的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該怎么做的問(wèn)題。第四部分主要探討國(guó)家違反難民保護(hù)國(guó)際義務(wù)后的國(guó)家責(zé)任。該結(jié)合了國(guó)家責(zé)任的相關(guān)理論,分析了造成難民問(wèn)題之國(guó)家的國(guó)際不法行為的構(gòu)成,論述了國(guó)家承擔(dān)違反難民保護(hù)義務(wù)之責(zé)任的具體方式,解答了國(guó)家在違反難民保護(hù)的國(guó)際義務(wù)之后應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)怎樣的法律后果的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The refugee problem is an international problem that has existed since ancient times. Since the 20th century, with the acceleration of the process of globalization in the world, the international pattern and the balance of economic power among countries have undergone earth-shaking changes. Because some countries and regions have internal political instability, violent conflicts, intense ethnic and religious struggles, human rights violations have occurred one after another, which makes the situation of refugees increasingly serious. Although the international community has made a lot of efforts in the field of refugee protection, due to the international and complexity of the refugee problem, the international protection of refugees still faces a lot of difficulties. Therefore, as the main source of refugee problems and the main force of refugee protection, the State should strictly abide by the relevant rules of international refugee law and actively undertake the obligation of refugee protection. Based on several international refugee legal documents and combining the theory of national responsibility to protect and the theory of state responsibility, this paper makes a theoretical innovation and studies the obligations of the state in the process of refugee protection. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly expounds the emergence and development of the international obligation of refugee protection. This part introduces the emergence, establishment and development of the refugee protection obligations of the countries which are directly related to the last three parts of this article. This paper analyzes on the characteristics of international refugee legal documents in different historical periods and the specific situation of the state's obligation to protect refugees, and demonstrates how the rules of international law and the sources of law have played a role in the development of national refugee protection obligations. This paper expounds the legal basis on which the state undertakes the obligation of refugee protection, and answers the question of why the country should undertake the international obligation of refugee protection. The second part mainly analyzes the international obligations of refugee protection. On the basis of the theory of the responsibility to protect, this part makes some theoretical innovations and discusses the two main forms of the international obligation of refugee protection from the angle of positive duty of protection and negative obligation of non-refoulement. Answer the question of what kind of obligations the State should undertake in the process of refugee protection. The third part mainly discusses the implementation of national refugee protection obligations. Combining the first and second parts, this part introduces the main difficulties faced by States in undertaking international obligations for refugee protection at present, and studies the basic principles and ways in which States fulfil their international obligations for refugee protection. Answers the question of what States should do in the process of assuming refugee protection obligations. The fourth part mainly discusses the state responsibility after violating the international obligation of refugee protection. Combining the relevant theory of State responsibility, it analyses the composition of the internationally wrongful acts of the State causing the refugee problem and discusses the specific ways in which the State is responsible for violating the obligation to protect refugees, Answered the question of what legal consequences States should bear after violating their international obligations on refugee protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D99

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