【摘要】：一、研究目的2014年3月8日,馬來(lái)西亞航空公司的一架客機(jī)從吉隆坡飛往北京,在凌晨一點(diǎn)多從雷達(dá)屏幕上消失,在世界各地立即引發(fā)了強(qiáng)烈反響。后來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)多方考察,MH370飛機(jī)在越南胡志明市管制區(qū)同管制部門失去通訊聯(lián)絡(luò)但沒有進(jìn)入中國(guó)空管情報(bào)區(qū)。這些年發(fā)生的國(guó)際空難還有很多,每一次都非常慘烈。盡管空難都會(huì)造成人員傷亡,但是發(fā)生空難的原因卻都不相同,我們沒有有效的辦法去阻卻空難的發(fā)生但是我們必須為犧牲者的親人擔(dān)憂,為整個(gè)國(guó)際航空安全考慮,因此空難的人身?yè)p害賠償問(wèn)題成為了無(wú)法避免談及的問(wèn)題。一般來(lái)說(shuō),造成空難的發(fā)生的原因和要素很多,包括飛行員失誤、航空器本身問(wèn)題等,所以很難盡快確定�？针y發(fā)生后首先需要解決的就是受害人的人身?yè)p害賠償問(wèn)題。世界各個(gè)國(guó)家國(guó)內(nèi)法制定都不同,所以國(guó)際上制定了華沙體系為了合理有序的解決空難賠償問(wèn)題。華沙體系主要是規(guī)定了承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任問(wèn)題和發(fā)生空難后的管轄權(quán)。后來(lái)《華沙公約》及和《蒙特利爾公約》都對(duì)華沙體系進(jìn)行了修改和完善,為國(guó)際空難索償,承運(yùn)人責(zé)任明晰建立了一套統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則,得到了廣泛認(rèn)可。但是我國(guó)在民用航空方面的立法太少,并且缺乏實(shí)際操作,漏洞百出,所以需要加強(qiáng)立法,與國(guó)際社會(huì)接軌。二、研究方法本文將運(yùn)用歷史分析方法、比較研究方法、文獻(xiàn)資料法對(duì)國(guó)際空難中承運(yùn)人對(duì)旅客賠償責(zé)任涉及的最關(guān)鍵的法律問(wèn)題即歸責(zé)原則與責(zé)任限額、承運(yùn)人的賠償范圍等進(jìn)行論述。1、歷史分析法,通過(guò)研究歷史上國(guó)際空難的賠償限額和方式進(jìn)行研究2、比較研究法,比較對(duì)地面第三人和所載乘客賠償?shù)牟煌?、文獻(xiàn)資料法,通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)資料,對(duì)資料進(jìn)行分析,綜合與加工,形成更深刻的意識(shí)三、研究結(jié)果通過(guò)對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外空難賠償?shù)臍w責(zé)原則、限額等可以了解到我國(guó)在空難人身?yè)p害賠償方面還有很多欠缺。第一,發(fā)生空難后我國(guó)對(duì)受害人的賠償額度不能與國(guó)際社會(huì)接軌,雖然我國(guó)加入了《蒙特利爾公約》,但是我國(guó)確定的40萬(wàn)的賠償限額遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的空難損害賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這并不利于我國(guó)民航業(yè)的發(fā)展。其次我國(guó)在需要在航空意外保險(xiǎn)方面作出更多努力,它是空難發(fā)生后除承運(yùn)人賠償外最重要的部分,能夠很好地保護(hù)受害者家屬的利益。再次,我國(guó)應(yīng)該盡快明確對(duì)地面第三人損害賠償?shù)捻?xiàng)目和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。最后,應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大對(duì)受害人權(quán)利救濟(jì)的社會(huì)化途徑。綜上所述,我國(guó)只有在立法、實(shí)踐等各方面多做努力,才能符合我國(guó)迅速提高的國(guó)際地位的需要。四、研究意義本文通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)際空難論述、近幾年發(fā)生的國(guó)際空難以及美國(guó)和日本的賠償金額的對(duì)比、《蒙特利爾公約》對(duì)華沙體系的進(jìn)步等對(duì)國(guó)際空難的人身?yè)p害賠償問(wèn)題的介紹,讓對(duì)空難賠償不太了解的民眾能夠有清晰地了解和認(rèn)識(shí)。能夠在以后發(fā)生的事故后為受難旅客和家屬提供良好的指導(dǎo),使其免于在承認(rèn)親人分離的痛苦之外還要承受繁雜錯(cuò)亂的程序,使受難者家屬能夠很好的維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益和利益。
[Abstract]:First, on March 8, 2014, a Malaysian Airlines plane flew from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, and disappeared from the radar screen at 1: 00 a. M., causing a strong response from all over the world. After a multi-party investigation, the MH370 aircraft lost communication contact with the control unit in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, but did not enter the China Air Traffic Information Area. There are also a lot of international air accidents that have occurred in these years, each of which is very tragic. Although the air crash can cause casualties, the cause of the air crash is not the same, we have no effective way to stop the air crash, but we have to worry about the family's relatives, for the entire international aviation safety concern, The problem of personal injury in the air crash has become a problem that can't be avoided. In general, the causes and elements of the air crash are many, including the pilot's error, the aircraft's own problems, etc., so it is difficult to determine as soon as possible. The first thing to be solved after the air crash is the question of the victim's personal injury. The development of national laws in all countries of the world is different, so it has developed the Warsaw system in order to solve the problem of the compensation for the air crash in a reasonable and orderly manner. The Warsaw system mainly defines the responsibility of the carrier and the jurisdiction after the air crash. Later, the Warsaw Pact and the Montreal Convention had been modified and improved to the Warsaw system, and a uniform set of rules was established for the clear establishment of a uniform set of rules for international air crash claims. But our country's legislation on civil aviation is too small, and there is a lack of practical operation, and there is no hole in the hole, so it is necessary to strengthen the legislation and be in line with the international community. 2. The research method will use the historical analysis method, the comparative research method and the literature data law to deal with the most critical legal issues involved in the liability of the carrier in the international air crash, that is, the principle of liability and the limit of liability, the scope of the carrier's compensation, etc., and the historical analysis method, Based on the study of the limitation and the way of compensation for the international air crash in the history, the author compares the research methods, compares the three methods of compensation to the third party and the passenger on the ground, and makes an analysis, synthesis and processing of the data by consulting the relevant data, and forms a more profound consciousness. The result of the study, through the comparison of the imputation principle and the limit of the domestic and international air crash compensation, can understand that there are still a lot of shortcomings in the personal injury compensation of the air crash in China. First, in the event of an air crash, our compensation for victims cannot be in line with the international community, although our country has acceded to the Montreal Convention, China has determined that the compensation limit of 400,000 is far lower than that of the United States and the developed countries of the United States. This is not conducive to the development of the civil aviation industry in China. Second, our country needs to make more efforts in aviation accident insurance, which is the most important part of the carrier's compensation after the air crash, which can protect the family of the victims well. Once again, our country should clearly define the project and standards for damages to the third party on the ground as soon as possible. Finally, the socialization of the victim's right relief should be expanded. To sum up, our country can only make efforts in the aspects of legislation, practice and so on, in order to meet the needs of the rapid international position of our country. IV. The significance of the study is the introduction of the international air crash, the international air crash in recent years and the amount of compensation in the United States and Japan, the Montreal Convention, the progress of the Warsaw system, etc., and the introduction of the question of personal injury to the international air crash, The people who are not well aware of the air crash can have a clear understanding and understanding. It is possible to provide good guidance to the affected passengers and the family after the accident that has occurred later, so as to protect the families of the victims from the complicated and complicated procedures other than the suffering of the separation of the loved ones, so that the families of the victims can well maintain their rights and interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D997.3

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