【摘要】：隨著人類社會的進(jìn)步和科技的發(fā)展,陸地石油資源已經(jīng)不能夠滿足人類發(fā)展的需要,開發(fā)利用儲量豐富的海洋石油資源就成為緩解陸上石油資源不足的重要途徑。但是在實(shí)踐操作中,海上鉆井平臺的溢油事故頻發(fā),對海洋環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了惡劣影響。國際社會雖然一直在防治鉆井平臺石油污染的立法方面做出努力,但是就整體相關(guān)國際法建設(shè)而言仍存在著諸如立法內(nèi)容缺乏操作性和前瞻性、對國際援助規(guī)定不明確等諸多問題,研究鉆井平臺石油污染防治國際法的不足之處,對于完善防治鉆井平臺石油污染國際法內(nèi)容具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。通過分析當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外的研究情況,歸納總結(jié)出在日后完善國際防治海上鉆井平臺石油污染立法過程中可供參考的部分觀點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。以海上鉆井平臺與船舶的不同為切入點(diǎn),具體闡述了世界范圍內(nèi)海洋石油污染現(xiàn)狀、成因并對海上鉆井平臺石油污染加以界定。通過分析海上鉆井平臺與船舶的異同點(diǎn),得出二者并不能等同的結(jié)論。列舉并分析當(dāng)前國際社會對海上鉆井平臺是否能納入船舶范圍的不同法律實(shí)踐,進(jìn)一步闡明當(dāng)前國際社會已經(jīng)具備了建立獨(dú)立防治海上鉆井平臺石油污染法律機(jī)制的條件。對當(dāng)前海上鉆井平臺石油污染防治國際立法內(nèi)容情況進(jìn)行探討并分析其不足,并據(jù)此闡述在建立健全國際防治海上鉆井平臺石油污染專項(xiàng)立法過程中應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持的具體原則,提出完善國際防治海上鉆井平臺石油污染法律的建議,以期能夠?qū)⒔∪珖H海上鉆井平臺專項(xiàng)立法內(nèi)容提供些許幫助。采用了文獻(xiàn)研究法、實(shí)證研究法、比較分析法和調(diào)查法等多種研究方法,在總結(jié)大量文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上對當(dāng)前防治海上鉆井平臺跨界石油污染的國際法和部分國家國內(nèi)法進(jìn)行分析,對比其中優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以期對健全防治海上鉆井平臺石油污染國際法有所幫助。創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于借鑒了部分發(fā)達(dá)國家國內(nèi)法中可參考的法律規(guī)定,在國際法建設(shè)中予以運(yùn)用。提出了建立國際性防治海上鉆井石油污染的基金制度。并進(jìn)一步提出明確國際援助的范圍。針對海上鉆井平臺石油污染導(dǎo)致的人體健康損傷和相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)受損提出了規(guī)定不同的訴訟時效以更好保護(hù)受害者權(quán)益。明確國際司法機(jī)關(guān)管轄權(quán),適當(dāng)賦予海洋環(huán)境爭端分庭相應(yīng)的刑事管轄權(quán)。
[Abstract]:With the progress of human society and the development of science and technology, the land petroleum resources can no longer meet the needs of human development. The exploitation and utilization of rich offshore oil resources has become an important way to alleviate the shortage of onshore oil resources. However, in practice, oil spills of offshore drilling platforms occur frequently, which have a bad effect on marine environment. Although the international community has been making efforts in the area of legislation to prevent oil pollution from drilling platforms, such as the lack of maneuverability and foresight of the legislative content in the overall construction of relevant international law, In order to improve the content of the international law of oil pollution prevention and control of drilling platforms, it is of great practical significance to study the deficiencies of the international law of oil pollution prevention and control of drilling platforms. By analyzing the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper sums up some viewpoints and contents for reference in the process of perfecting the international legislation to prevent and control oil pollution from offshore drilling platforms in the future. Taking the difference between offshore drilling platform and ship as the starting point, the paper expounds the present situation and causes of offshore oil pollution in the world, and defines the oil pollution of offshore drilling platform. By analyzing the similarities and differences between offshore drilling platforms and ships, it is concluded that the two are not equivalent. This paper enumerates and analyzes the different legal practices of the international community on whether offshore drilling platforms can be brought into the scope of ships, and further clarifies that the international community already has the conditions to establish an independent legal mechanism to prevent and control oil pollution from offshore drilling platforms. The content of current international legislation on oil pollution prevention and control of offshore drilling platforms is discussed and its shortcomings are analyzed. Based on this, the specific principles to be adhered to in the process of establishing and perfecting the special legislation for the prevention and control of oil pollution of offshore drilling platforms are expounded. The paper puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the international law of preventing and controlling oil pollution from offshore drilling platforms, in the hope of providing some help for the establishment and perfection of the special legislation content of offshore drilling platforms. Literature research method, empirical research method, comparative analysis method and investigation method are adopted. On the basis of summarizing a large amount of literature data, this paper analyzes the current international law and domestic laws of some countries to prevent and control transboundary oil pollution from offshore drilling platforms. The advantages and disadvantages are compared in order to improve the prevention and control of offshore oil pollution international law. The innovation lies in drawing lessons from the domestic laws of some developed countries and applying them in the construction of international law. An international fund system for preventing and controlling oil pollution from offshore drilling is put forward. Furthermore, the scope of international aid should be clarified. Aiming at the damage to human health caused by oil pollution of offshore drilling platforms and the damage to related industries, different statute of limitations is proposed to better protect the rights and interests of victims. To clarify the jurisdiction of international judicial organs and to give appropriate criminal jurisdiction to the Chamber for Marine Environment disputes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D996.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃鳳蘭;王溶Z，

本文編號：2297690