【摘要】：翻開中國的歷史不乏輝煌的歷史，但是近100年的屈辱史也是赫然眼前。清朝末年至新中國的建立的近100年間，被迫簽訂了大量的不平等條約，這些條約都是侵犯中國主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整給近代中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、法律都帶來了深刻的影響，其中也有一些條約貽害至今，，一直困擾著現(xiàn)今的政府當(dāng)局。從這些不平等條約開始談起，通過這些不平等條約的遵守和廢止，深入的剖析《維也納條約法公約》規(guī)定的兩項(xiàng)基本原則之適用。為今后中國以嶄新的姿態(tài)參與國際合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，奠定良好的理論基礎(chǔ)。同樣對(duì)于現(xiàn)今國際法理論和實(shí)踐都鮮有涉及的關(guān)于條約必須遵守和情勢(shì)變更原則之度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就顯得更為重要，為以后我國條約的適用及國內(nèi)法的改善都有很好的借鑒意義。 本文將以不平等條約的處理為引子，進(jìn)而談到整個(gè)條約法兩項(xiàng)原則的適用和意義。 第一部分首先是以不平等條約為引子，進(jìn)而詳細(xì)闡述不平等條約之由來及何謂之不平等。在國際法上，它本身就不是一個(gè)純粹的國際法概念。對(duì)于不平等條約人我們要正確認(rèn)定其效力。傳統(tǒng)國際法之于不平等條約是合法能效的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)之國際法并沒有禁止武力行為，反而是賦予國家以戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之內(nèi)政政策。所以對(duì)于不平等條約之遵守與履行，我們也不能以現(xiàn)代國際法之理論來要求。我們應(yīng)該客觀的看到不平等條約之侵犯國家主權(quán)性，破壞國土完整之侵略性，但是我們也不能忽略其對(duì)于歷史的進(jìn)步意義。條約是什么，條約必須遵守原則之條約是什么，如何認(rèn)定一項(xiàng)協(xié)定是條約都是我們國際法現(xiàn)如今有盲點(diǎn)的地方。 第二部分著重分析條約必須遵守原則和情勢(shì)變更原則對(duì)于不平等條約的遵守問題。我們?cè)诜治霾黄降葪l約的效力之時(shí)不能對(duì)其一味的批判和反對(duì)，我們應(yīng)該充分分析其形成之原因及背景點(diǎn)。前輩為遵守不平等條約所付出之努力必須得到肯定，他們的遵守行來也正是我們現(xiàn)如今來反對(duì)不平等條約和霸權(quán)條約的依據(jù)。情勢(shì)變更原則從其產(chǎn)生之日起就是為條約必須遵守服務(wù)的，他們之間的原則與例外關(guān)系。不管是國內(nèi)法還是國際法層面上，情勢(shì)變更都緊緊跟隨著條約必須遵守原則，一直作為其一個(gè)例外。我們?cè)诳创齼烧咧g的關(guān)系時(shí)，不能把他們對(duì)立起來看待，情勢(shì)變更原則的例外正是為了使得條約必須遵守原則發(fā)揮更大的作用。 第三部分也是重中之重，主要是在論述現(xiàn)今國際法理論比較少談到的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題，對(duì)于度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一說有人認(rèn)為是國家利益，也有人認(rèn)為是公平正義，其實(shí)這兩種說法都有其合理的一面，但是都是處于狹隘國際法來看待。如何來遵守這兩項(xiàng)原則的呢？條約必須遵守原則要求有相應(yīng)有國內(nèi)法程序，把條約確實(shí)執(zhí)行起來和完善的解釋體系，缺少其一都無法保證是善意的履行條約。情勢(shì)變更之標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到底是國家利益還是公平正義，本文認(rèn)為兩者都不是。而是訂約之時(shí)所能預(yù)見到之基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)。 從不平等條約的理論出發(fā)，到最后講述了條約法兩項(xiàng)原則之重要性，對(duì)我國的條約法方面的締結(jié)還是履行都有一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。但是國際交往還是以實(shí)力為后盾，不能過分依賴國際法的作用。因此我們應(yīng)在努力提高自身綜合國力的前堤下，尊重國際法的同時(shí)，充分掌握好條約遵守與情勢(shì)變更的度，保護(hù)自己的國家利益，努力推動(dòng)國際社會(huì)建立公平公正的國際秩序和構(gòu)建和諧新世界。
[Abstract]:The history of China's history is not lacking in history, but the history of humiliation in recent 100 years is in front of him. In the last 100 years of the establishment of the last year of the Qing Dynasty to the new China, a large number of unequal treaties have been signed, all of which violate the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China and bring profound influence on the economic, political, cultural and legal affairs of modern China, some of which have been harmful to the present day, The government has been troubled by today's government. From these unequal treaties, the application of the two basic principles set out in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties is deeply analysed through the observance and abrogation of these unequal treaties. It lays a good theoretical foundation for China to participate in international cooperation and competition in a brand-new posture in the future. In the same vein, it is more important for the treaty to abide by the principle of compliance and change of situation in the theory and practice of international law nowadays, which is of good reference for the application of the treaty in the future and the improvement of domestic law. This paper deals with the application of the two principles of treaty law as a guide, and then talks about the application of the two principles of treaty law as a whole. First of all, the first part is to introduce the unequal treaties, and then elaborate on the origin of the unequal treaties and the reasons for them. In international law, it is not a mere fact The concept of international law. We need to do the right thing for an unequal treaty. Recognition of its effectiveness. Traditional international law is legal for non-equality treaties, since then international law does not prohibit the use of force, but instead gives the State a war The internal affairs policy of the non-equality treaty, therefore, cannot be carried out in modern international law. Theory is required. We should objectively see the violation of the State sovereignty of the unequal treaties and undermine the aggressiveness of the homeland, but we cannot ignore it for history What is the progress of the treaty, what the treaty is, what the treaty must comply with, how to conclude an agreement is that the treaty is our international law today The second part focuses on the principle that the treaty must abide by the principles and the principle of change of situation. Such treaties are subject to compliance. We should not be criticized and opposed in the analysis of the effectiveness of the NPT, and we should fully analyse its shape For the reason and the background, the efforts of our predecessors to comply with the unequal treaties must be affirmed and their compliance is precisely what we are now opposed to non-equality treaties The basis for a treaty of hegemony. The principle of change of situation from the date of its creation is that the treaty must comply with the service, between them The principles and exceptions of the treaty, whether domestic law or international law, closely follow the principle that the treaty must comply, one In view of the relationship between the two, we cannot see them in opposition, and the exception of the principle of change of situation is to make the treaty adhere to the original The third part is also the top priority, mainly in the discussion of the measure standard question which is less talked about in the current theory of international law, which is regarded as the national interest for the measure standard one, and some people think it is equity and justice, in fact the two There's a reasonable side of the story, but it's all in narrow international law. Why should the treaty abide by these two principles? The treaty must comply with the principle and require corresponding domestic law procedures, and the treaty should be implemented and the perfect interpretation system, and the lack of one is none. The law guarantees that it is in good faith to fulfill the treaty. The standard of the situation change is the national interest or the fairness. Meaning, this article doesn't think it's both. It's contracting. The basic basis can be foreseen. From the theory of non-equality treaty, the importance of the two principles of the law of treaties is discussed in the end, and the significance of the law of treaty law in China is introduced. There is a comprehensive understanding of the knot or the performance, but the international association is still in power Therefore, we should respect international law while striving to improve its overall national strength, fully grasp the degree of compliance with the treaty and change the situation, protect its national interests, and strive to promote the establishment of a fair public by the international community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.8

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