【摘要】：WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制為解決WTO成員之間的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端、保障WTO多邊貿(mào)易體制的健康運(yùn)行作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。作為WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制最后一道程序的執(zhí)行制度,其重要性不言自明。司法裁決能否得到有效執(zhí)行,正是考察一個(gè)法律體系的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制是否完備、能否有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的一個(gè)重要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而,在WTO爭(zhēng)端解決的實(shí)踐中,執(zhí)行制度暴露出了許多問題和缺陷,只裁不行的案件屢見不鮮,這使得WTO成員不得不重新審視這一制度。目前,如何對(duì)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)裁決的執(zhí)行機(jī)制進(jìn)行修改,已成為熱門研究領(lǐng)域和世界貿(mào)易組織談判的議題之一 WTO較GATT而言對(duì)執(zhí)行程序規(guī)定了明確的時(shí)間界限,通過監(jiān)督機(jī)制、補(bǔ)償程序、報(bào)復(fù)程序,尤其是交叉報(bào)復(fù)程序加大了DSB裁決的執(zhí)行力度,但也難以避免存在自有缺陷,譬如合理期間容易惡意利用,執(zhí)行監(jiān)督程序規(guī)則過于簡(jiǎn)單,交叉報(bào)復(fù)對(duì)發(fā)展中國家欠公平等等,這就使得這一機(jī)制本身非但不能促進(jìn)爭(zhēng)端解決,反而會(huì)引發(fā)一系列其他問題,因而對(duì)其改革勢(shì)在必行。DSU談判歷時(shí)多年,針對(duì)DSU改革問題WTO各成員也紛紛獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策,而我國作為WTO成員之一,近年來與WTO其他成員的貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端成逐步增多的態(tài)勢(shì),并已切實(shí)感受到執(zhí)行制度的挑戰(zhàn),如何積極應(yīng)對(duì)也是我國面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。因而對(duì)我國而言,對(duì)WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的執(zhí)行制度進(jìn)行研究意義重大。 本文希望通過全面、多角度地分析裁決執(zhí)行這一程序制度,客觀地評(píng)價(jià)其價(jià)值、作用,通過實(shí)證和對(duì)比分析的方法明確其利弊,力求通過對(duì)DSU中主要執(zhí)行條款的解讀,并結(jié)合各WTO成員對(duì)DSU的修改提案,歸納裁決執(zhí)行階段的現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)作,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中問題和亟待完善之處,并提出相應(yīng)的改革建議,爭(zhēng)取為進(jìn)一步開展WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制及其執(zhí)行程序的研究,促進(jìn)各國積極參與并和平解決國際經(jīng)貿(mào)爭(zhēng)端,維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)各國經(jīng)濟(jì)利益作出貢獻(xiàn)。并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出我國應(yīng)對(duì)這一執(zhí)行制度的可控性建議,為我國更好的利用該制度構(gòu)建橋梁。
[Abstract]:The WTO dispute settlement mechanism has made great contributions to the settlement of trade disputes among WTO members and to the healthy operation of the WTO multilateral trading system. As the last procedure of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, its importance is self-evident. Whether the judicial decision can be effectively implemented is an important measure to examine whether the dispute settlement mechanism of a legal system is complete and whether it can be operated effectively. However, in the practice of WTO dispute settlement, many problems and defects have been exposed in the implementation system, which makes the WTO members have to re-examine the system. At present, how to modify the enforcement mechanism of the dispute settlement bodies' rulings has become one of the hot research areas and one of the topics in the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations. WTO has defined a clear time limit for the implementation procedures compared with the GATT. Through the supervision mechanism, the compensation procedure, the revenge procedure, especially the cross-revenge procedure, the enforcement of the DSB ruling has been strengthened, but it is also difficult to avoid the inherent defects, such as the possibility of malicious exploitation within a reasonable period, and the simple enforcement of the supervisory procedure rules. Cross-revenge is unfair to developing countries, and so on, which makes the mechanism itself not only unable to promote dispute settlement, but also raises a series of other problems. Therefore, it is imperative to reform it. The DSU negotiations took many years. As one of the members of DSU, trade disputes with other members of WTO have been increasing in recent years, and the challenges of the implementation system have been felt. How to respond positively is also the realistic question that our country faces. Therefore, for our country, it is of great significance to study the implementation system of WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper hopes to analyze the procedural system of the enforcement of the award from a comprehensive and multi-angle way, to objectively evaluate its value and function, to clarify its advantages and disadvantages by means of empirical and comparative analysis, and to strive to interpret the main implementing clauses in the DSU. Combined with the amendment proposal of each WTO member to the DSU, the paper summarizes the actual operation of the ruling execution stage, finds out the problems and needs to be improved, and puts forward the corresponding reform suggestions. It aims to contribute to the further study of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and its implementation procedures, to promote the active participation and peaceful settlement of international economic and trade disputes, and to safeguard and realize the economic interests of all countries. On the basis of this, the author puts forward some controllable suggestions for our country to make better use of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1

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