論《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對國際投資法的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 11:08
【摘要】：國際貿(mào)易法與國際投資法分屬不同的分支學科領域,它們在立法背景、立法目標和具體內容上存在差異,人們對它們的認識也停留在它們屬于不同分支學科的層面上,但是隨著WT0與投資有關的貿(mào)易協(xié)定的達成、包含投資章節(jié)的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定的簽訂,國際貿(mào)易法與國際投資法開始出現(xiàn)連接、交叉、重合。為了使伴隨著貿(mào)易的投資能夠順利進行,外國投資者要求東道國在投資準入和后續(xù)經(jīng)營上給予外國企業(yè)一定待遇,及時公開、公布與投資相關的政策法規(guī)。正是經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實的需要讓國際貿(mào)易法與國際投資法的聯(lián)系越來越密切。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,和平穩(wěn)定的社會環(huán)境的大背景之下,給了各國服務業(yè)良好的發(fā)展契機,這樣的契機促使服務業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的服務行業(yè)如商業(yè)、交通、金融等有了長足的發(fā)展,與以往的發(fā)展相比更為迅速,同時也有新的服務行業(yè)興起,例如咨詢、旅游等。各種服務行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,使得服務業(yè)能夠在國民經(jīng)濟中占據(jù)越來越重要的地位,成為一國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要動力。但是,不同國家在服務業(yè)領域的實力差異大,發(fā)達國家往往占據(jù)優(yōu)勢地位,而發(fā)展中國家在服務業(yè)領域的實力欠佳,往往需要進口服務,并且發(fā)達國家之間服務業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢也不盡相同,在它們之間需要進行服務貿(mào)易。隨著時間的推移,國際服務貿(mào)易往來越來越頻繁,它日益成為新時期全球貿(mào)易的重要組成部分,伴隨它產(chǎn)生的問題也為人關注,但是并沒有一個統(tǒng)一的協(xié)定來規(guī)范國際服務貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,國際服務貿(mào)易項下產(chǎn)生的市場準入、投資者待遇、爭端解決等問題更多的是通過各國的國內法或雙邊投資協(xié)定來進行規(guī)范。美國作為服務業(yè)的優(yōu)勢競爭者,它是《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的主要推動者。1994年4月達成的《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》規(guī)定的國際貿(mào)易形式有四大類。在這四種形式中,國際服務貿(mào)易通過"商業(yè)存在"這一貿(mào)易形式和國際服務投資相聯(lián)系,因為服務具有的生產(chǎn)與消費同時進行且不易存儲的特點,要求一國服務提供者到另一國設立商業(yè)機構才能為他國消費者提供服務。通過"商業(yè)存在"來完成國際貿(mào)易,同時也將外國資本帶入他國。在這種情形之下,《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的普遍性規(guī)則與特定義務對國際投資活動具有約束力,具體而言,國際貿(mào)易領域吸納了一系列促進國際投資自由化的原則,例如最惠國待遇原則、國民待遇原則,它打破了國際服務貿(mào)易法與國際投資法相分離的局面,國際社會能夠以新的視角,不同于傳統(tǒng)的觀念,來看待國際服務貿(mào)易與國際投資的關系。本文采用學科交叉的研究方法,分析國際服務貿(mào)易與國際投資之間的關聯(lián),進而分析《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》如何與國際投資產(chǎn)生連接,通過整體和局部的層面來論述《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對國際投資法的推動表現(xiàn),提出我國作為《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的締約國,需要在服務業(yè)領域完善外資立法的個人建議。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于從國際投資法的角度來分析《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》的影響。本文正文部分分為三個部分:第一部分:闡明國際服務貿(mào)易的概念與特征,分析它與國際投資的關系,提出《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》通過"商業(yè)存在"與國際投資產(chǎn)生連接。第二部分:從豐富國際投資法內涵、加快服務投資立法和政策協(xié)調、對雙邊投資條約具有借鑒意義、對構建綜合性多邊投資法律體制的啟示、為服務投資爭端提供保障的整體角度分析《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》對國際投資法的推動,再分析總協(xié)定最惠國待遇原則、透明度原則、國內法規(guī)、國民待遇原則、市場準入原則促進國際投資法的體現(xiàn)。第三部分:通過闡述我國服務領域外資法的現(xiàn)狀,從立法權限、雙軌制、透明度等方面分析不足,提出按照國際標準完善我國服務業(yè)外商投資法律法規(guī)、完善服務業(yè)外資經(jīng)營監(jiān)管法規(guī)、增強服務業(yè)外商投資法律法規(guī)的透明度的建議。
[Abstract]:International Trade Law and international investment law belong to different branches of disciplines. They have different legislative backgrounds, legislative objectives and specific contents. People's understanding of them remains at the level of different branches of disciplines. However, with the conclusion of WT0 and investment-related trade agreements, free trade including investment chapters has been included. With the signing of the agreement, the international trade law and the international investment law begin to connect, overlap and coincide. In order to make the investment accompanying trade go on smoothly, the foreign investor requests the host country to give the foreign enterprise certain treatment in the investment admittance and follow-up operation, publish the investment-related policies and regulations in time. After the Second World War, the peaceful and stable social environment has given countries a good opportunity for the development of the service industry. This opportunity has promoted the rapid development of the service industry. Traditional service industries such as commerce, transportation and finance have made great progress. Compared with the previous development, there are also new service industries, such as consultation, tourism and so on. With the continuous development of various service industries, the service industry can occupy an increasingly important position in the national economy and become an important driving force for a country's economic development. Developed countries often occupy a dominant position, while developing countries in the service sector is not strong enough, often need imported services, and the competitive advantages of services between developed countries are not the same, the need for trade in services between them. The important part of Global trade in the period of time, accompanied by its problems are also concerned about, but there is no unified agreement to regulate the development of international trade in services, international trade in services under the market access, investor treatment, dispute settlement and other issues are more through national laws or bilateral investment agreements to enter The United States, as a dominant competitor in the service sector, is the main promoter of the GATS. There are four types of international trade under the GATS reached in April 1994. Among these four forms, international trade in services is linked to international investment in services through the form of "commercial presence" because of service. In this case, the General Agreement on Trade in Services is universal. Specifically, the international trade field has absorbed a series of principles to promote the liberalization of international investment, such as the most-favored-nation treatment principle and the national treatment principle. It has broken the separation between the international trade in services law and the international investment law, and the international community can take a new perspective, different from each other. This paper uses a cross-disciplinary approach to analyze the relationship between international trade in services and international investment, and then analyzes how GATS connects with international investment. It also discusses the relationship between GATS and international investment at both the overall and local levels. The innovation of this paper is to analyze the impact of GATS from the perspective of international investment law. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: Part I: To clarify. The concept and characteristics of international trade in services are analyzed. The relationship between GATS and international investment is analyzed. The connection between GATS and international investment through "commercial existence" is proposed. The enlightenment of the capital legal system is to analyze the promotion of the GATS to the international investment law from the overall angle of guaranteeing service investment disputes, and then to analyze the manifestation of the GATS MFN treatment principle, transparency principle, domestic laws and regulations, national treatment principle and market access principle to promote the international investment law. The present situation of foreign investment law in service field is analyzed from the aspects of legislative authority, dual-track system and transparency. Suggestions are put forward to improve the laws and regulations of foreign investment in service industry in accordance with international standards, to improve the supervision and regulation of foreign investment in service industry, and to enhance the transparency of foreign investment laws and regulations in service industry.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.4;D996.1
本文編號：2249955
[Abstract]:International Trade Law and international investment law belong to different branches of disciplines. They have different legislative backgrounds, legislative objectives and specific contents. People's understanding of them remains at the level of different branches of disciplines. However, with the conclusion of WT0 and investment-related trade agreements, free trade including investment chapters has been included. With the signing of the agreement, the international trade law and the international investment law begin to connect, overlap and coincide. In order to make the investment accompanying trade go on smoothly, the foreign investor requests the host country to give the foreign enterprise certain treatment in the investment admittance and follow-up operation, publish the investment-related policies and regulations in time. After the Second World War, the peaceful and stable social environment has given countries a good opportunity for the development of the service industry. This opportunity has promoted the rapid development of the service industry. Traditional service industries such as commerce, transportation and finance have made great progress. Compared with the previous development, there are also new service industries, such as consultation, tourism and so on. With the continuous development of various service industries, the service industry can occupy an increasingly important position in the national economy and become an important driving force for a country's economic development. Developed countries often occupy a dominant position, while developing countries in the service sector is not strong enough, often need imported services, and the competitive advantages of services between developed countries are not the same, the need for trade in services between them. The important part of Global trade in the period of time, accompanied by its problems are also concerned about, but there is no unified agreement to regulate the development of international trade in services, international trade in services under the market access, investor treatment, dispute settlement and other issues are more through national laws or bilateral investment agreements to enter The United States, as a dominant competitor in the service sector, is the main promoter of the GATS. There are four types of international trade under the GATS reached in April 1994. Among these four forms, international trade in services is linked to international investment in services through the form of "commercial presence" because of service. In this case, the General Agreement on Trade in Services is universal. Specifically, the international trade field has absorbed a series of principles to promote the liberalization of international investment, such as the most-favored-nation treatment principle and the national treatment principle. It has broken the separation between the international trade in services law and the international investment law, and the international community can take a new perspective, different from each other. This paper uses a cross-disciplinary approach to analyze the relationship between international trade in services and international investment, and then analyzes how GATS connects with international investment. It also discusses the relationship between GATS and international investment at both the overall and local levels. The innovation of this paper is to analyze the impact of GATS from the perspective of international investment law. The main body of this paper is divided into three parts: Part I: To clarify. The concept and characteristics of international trade in services are analyzed. The relationship between GATS and international investment is analyzed. The connection between GATS and international investment through "commercial existence" is proposed. The enlightenment of the capital legal system is to analyze the promotion of the GATS to the international investment law from the overall angle of guaranteeing service investment disputes, and then to analyze the manifestation of the GATS MFN treatment principle, transparency principle, domestic laws and regulations, national treatment principle and market access principle to promote the international investment law. The present situation of foreign investment law in service field is analyzed from the aspects of legislative authority, dual-track system and transparency. Suggestions are put forward to improve the laws and regulations of foreign investment in service industry in accordance with international standards, to improve the supervision and regulation of foreign investment in service industry, and to enhance the transparency of foreign investment laws and regulations in service industry.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D996.4;D996.1
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