WTO框架下與貿易有關的環(huán)境措施研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-08 21:28
【摘要】：20世紀八九十年代以來,與環(huán)境保護有關的貿易措施被越來越頻繁的使用,這類措施經常使包括我國在內的發(fā)展中國家外貿出口受阻。如何面對這類被泛稱為“綠色壁壘”的貿易措施,以及怎樣能夠更好的運用有關這類措施的國際規(guī)則需要我們進一步研究。本文從WTO框架下的貿易規(guī)則和與貿易有關的環(huán)境措施之間的關系入手,以關稅和貿易總協(xié)定與世界貿易組織的規(guī)則及其裁決的相關案例為基礎,分析了影響與貿易有關的環(huán)境措施的國際貿易規(guī)則,目的是尋找一種途徑,使環(huán)境措施與WTO規(guī)則相協(xié)調。這里協(xié)調有兩方面的含義：一方面是環(huán)境措施要符合貿易規(guī)則,二是如果貿易規(guī)則對環(huán)境保護而言不充分應該如何對貿易規(guī)則進行完善。 文章主體第一部分概要地介紹了與貿易有關的環(huán)境措施的概念和WTO協(xié)議中有關環(huán)境措施的規(guī)定,其中詳細討論了GATT第20條“一般例外”條款中有關環(huán)境保護的規(guī)定,并簡明扼要的介紹了WTO其他協(xié)議中有關環(huán)境的規(guī)定,為以下的論文做鋪墊。在接下來的各部分中,本文選擇了爭議較小的,更切實可行的環(huán)境措施作為研究對象,并對這些措施與WTO的協(xié)調性問題進行了針對性討論。第二部分分析了多邊環(huán)境協(xié)議中的貿易措施與WTO規(guī)則的關系。由于多邊環(huán)境條約的內容復雜,本文選擇了三個具有代表性的環(huán)境條約作為研究對象,結合案例,把多邊環(huán)境協(xié)議中的貿易措施與WTO規(guī)則的沖突總結為規(guī)則沖突和管轄權沖突兩個方面,并提出了WTO框架下將兩者進行協(xié)調的途徑。第三部分研究了環(huán)境稅措施與WTO規(guī)則的協(xié)調性問題�？梢钥隙ǖ氖�,征收環(huán)境稅的措施只要符合國民待遇,就被認為與WTO規(guī)則相符。主要問題是邊境稅調整措施是否符合WTO的有關規(guī)則。第四部分探討了環(huán)境標志與WTO規(guī)則的相符性問題,把環(huán)境標志作為一種環(huán)境措施在很多國家都有使用,需要重視的是如何謹慎地使用強制性環(huán)境標志,使之符合WTO的相關規(guī)定。第五部分提出了我國應對環(huán)境措施的策略。一方面,要立足發(fā)展中國家的現(xiàn)狀,和其他成員方廣泛的開展合作,努力成為“游戲規(guī)則”的制定者；另一方面,要完善國內的環(huán)境標準和環(huán)境稅收制度,建立環(huán)境資源產權制度和綠色預警機制。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s and 1990s, trade measures related to environmental protection have been used more and more frequently, which often hinder the export of developing countries, including China. How to face this kind of trade measures, which are generally called "green barriers", and how to make better use of the international rules about these measures need further study. This paper begins with the relationship between trade rules and trade-related environmental measures under the framework of WTO, based on the rules of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their rulings. This paper analyzes the rules of international trade which affect the environmental measures related to trade in order to find a way to harmonize the environmental measures with the WTO rules. There are two meanings of coordination here: one is that environmental measures should conform to trade rules, the other is how to perfect trade rules if trade rules are not sufficient for environmental protection. In the first part of the paper, the concept of trade-related environmental measures and the provisions on environmental measures in WTO agreement are briefly introduced. The environmental protection provisions of GATT Article 20 "General exception" clause are discussed in detail. And briefly introduces the environmental provisions of other WTO protocols, which pave the way for the following papers. In the following parts, this paper chooses the less controversial and more practical environmental measures as the research object, and discusses the coordination between these measures and WTO. The second part analyzes the relationship between trade measures and WTO rules in Meas. Because of the complexity of multilateral environmental treaties, this paper chooses three representative environmental treaties as the research object. The conflicts between trade measures and WTO rules in multilateral environmental agreements are summarized as two aspects: conflict of rules and conflicts of jurisdiction, and the ways to coordinate the two measures under the framework of WTO are put forward. The third part studies the coordination of environmental tax measures and WTO rules. To be sure, environmental tax measures are considered consistent with WTO rules as long as they comply with national treatment. The main question is whether the border tax adjustment measures comply with the relevant rules of the WTO. The fourth part discusses the conformity between environmental label and WTO rules. Environmental label is used as an environmental measure in many countries. What we should pay attention to is how to use compulsory environmental label carefully to make it conform to the relevant regulations of WTO. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of our country's environmental measures. On the one hand, they should base themselves on the current situation in developing countries, and cooperate extensively with other members in an effort to become the makers of the "rules of the game"; on the other hand, they should improve domestic environmental standards and environmental taxation systems. Establish environmental resource property right system and green early warning mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
本文編號：2231751
[Abstract]:Since 1980s and 1990s, trade measures related to environmental protection have been used more and more frequently, which often hinder the export of developing countries, including China. How to face this kind of trade measures, which are generally called "green barriers", and how to make better use of the international rules about these measures need further study. This paper begins with the relationship between trade rules and trade-related environmental measures under the framework of WTO, based on the rules of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and their rulings. This paper analyzes the rules of international trade which affect the environmental measures related to trade in order to find a way to harmonize the environmental measures with the WTO rules. There are two meanings of coordination here: one is that environmental measures should conform to trade rules, the other is how to perfect trade rules if trade rules are not sufficient for environmental protection. In the first part of the paper, the concept of trade-related environmental measures and the provisions on environmental measures in WTO agreement are briefly introduced. The environmental protection provisions of GATT Article 20 "General exception" clause are discussed in detail. And briefly introduces the environmental provisions of other WTO protocols, which pave the way for the following papers. In the following parts, this paper chooses the less controversial and more practical environmental measures as the research object, and discusses the coordination between these measures and WTO. The second part analyzes the relationship between trade measures and WTO rules in Meas. Because of the complexity of multilateral environmental treaties, this paper chooses three representative environmental treaties as the research object. The conflicts between trade measures and WTO rules in multilateral environmental agreements are summarized as two aspects: conflict of rules and conflicts of jurisdiction, and the ways to coordinate the two measures under the framework of WTO are put forward. The third part studies the coordination of environmental tax measures and WTO rules. To be sure, environmental tax measures are considered consistent with WTO rules as long as they comply with national treatment. The main question is whether the border tax adjustment measures comply with the relevant rules of the WTO. The fourth part discusses the conformity between environmental label and WTO rules. Environmental label is used as an environmental measure in many countries. What we should pay attention to is how to use compulsory environmental label carefully to make it conform to the relevant regulations of WTO. The fifth part puts forward the strategy of our country's environmental measures. On the one hand, they should base themselves on the current situation in developing countries, and cooperate extensively with other members in an effort to become the makers of the "rules of the game"; on the other hand, they should improve domestic environmental standards and environmental taxation systems. Establish environmental resource property right system and green early warning mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1
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