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國際多邊條約知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-09-04 14:05
【摘要】:知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法,是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法保護的簡稱,通常指知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的執(zhí)法制度和執(zhí)法程序,也稱知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的執(zhí)法機制。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進步,跨國技術(shù)交流日益頻繁,大量國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約推動了各國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)實體保護標準的趨同,與此同時,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的重要性開始凸顯,逐步納入國際條約的關(guān)注視野。 對國際多邊條約知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的研究不僅具有重要的理論意義,也具有重要的實踐的意義。其理論意義在于:首先,剖析了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的權(quán)利屬性,深入分析了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與人權(quán)、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)與公共利益的關(guān)系,進而從知識產(chǎn)權(quán)正義論的角度,對國際多邊條約調(diào)整知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法事項的合理性和必要性進行考察。其次,擴展了傳統(tǒng)國際條約義務(wù)的內(nèi)涵和外延。第三,深化了國家執(zhí)法主權(quán)的自我限制和外部監(jiān)督。最后,提出了國際多邊條約對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法問題進行規(guī)定時,,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守的“均衡保護”、“執(zhí)法與實體”保護相協(xié)調(diào)的理念。而其實踐意義在于:此命題直接關(guān)系到我國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法機制的建構(gòu)以及今后在WTO爭端解決機制下相關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法爭端的預(yù)防和應(yīng)對,具有很強的實踐性和可操作性:一方面,對現(xiàn)有多邊條約中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法條款的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的分析和梳理,有利于正確把握國際條約規(guī)定知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法事項的發(fā)展方向和趨勢,從而為將來多邊知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約的發(fā)展做出準確預(yù)測;另一方面,對現(xiàn)有多邊條約中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法執(zhí)法條款具體內(nèi)容的釋義性分析,有利于學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒其中的科學(xué)規(guī)定,警惕其不良傾向,為合理構(gòu)建我國的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法機制提供有益借鑒。 事實上,國內(nèi)對國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約中的執(zhí)法條款進行解釋性研究的并不鮮見,但從理論層面對其合理性進行解釋,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對國際條約對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法調(diào)整的合理范圍進行探討的卻不多。而本文的一個核心問題就在于對國際多邊條約規(guī)定知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法標準的合理性論證,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對國際條約涉入國內(nèi)執(zhí)法事項的正當(dāng)程度和范圍進行界定。這不僅是本文的理論根基,也直接決定了對現(xiàn)有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約中的執(zhí)法性規(guī)定的義務(wù)性質(zhì)和義務(wù)范圍的認定,從而決定了我國應(yīng)對此類條約義務(wù)的科學(xué)態(tài)度。而這也恰是本文的難點所在。傳統(tǒng)國際法理論認為,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法屬于嚴格國內(nèi)事項,直接關(guān)系到國家執(zhí)法主權(quán),如何在國家主權(quán)與國際條約義務(wù)約束之間尋求一種“微妙的”平衡,這本身就需要深厚的理論基礎(chǔ)和宏觀的全局思想;同時,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是兼具私權(quán)屬性與公共利益功能的特殊壟斷性權(quán)利,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法和救濟必然涉及國家公權(quán)力介入,也必然要對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利的私人激勵性與公共福利性進行適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶,特別是當(dāng)這種平衡還必須接受來自本國之外的國際因素影響時,如何在盡量堅持本國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)政策價值取向的同時,規(guī)避相關(guān)的條約責(zé)任,這無論是在立法態(tài)度上還是立法技術(shù)上都需要相當(dāng)?shù)膱A通性和靈活度。 本文從知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的概念、特征和功能入手,以知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法標準的國際多邊條約調(diào)整為主線。首先從理論上探討其對國際法傳統(tǒng)理論和國際條約法基本認識的突破及其歷史必然性,同時結(jié)合知識產(chǎn)權(quán)本身所兼具的私權(quán)激勵性與公共福利性的雙重屬性,分析其與傳統(tǒng)意義上的“人權(quán)保護”的差異及由此所決定的國際保護手段的特殊性,并對其涉入一國國內(nèi)執(zhí)法主權(quán)的程度、范圍和方式所應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守的基本原則和必要限制進行了探討,著重解決應(yīng)然領(lǐng)域的“是否應(yīng)當(dāng)”以及“如何”將知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法在國際多邊條約中作出規(guī)定;接著,以歷史和實證的眼光,考察目前已有的識產(chǎn)權(quán)國際條約中規(guī)定國內(nèi)執(zhí)法義務(wù)的歷史背景和利益需求,并對所涉條款,特別是TRIPS第三部分執(zhí)法條款的目的、宗旨、內(nèi)容進行全面考察,結(jié)合國際條約解釋的一般規(guī)則,從迄今為止WTO爭端解決機制下涉及TRIPS執(zhí)法條款的所有案例中總結(jié)出爭端解決機構(gòu)的基本態(tài)度,輔助理解相關(guān)執(zhí)法條款的準確含義,并具體分析此類爭議在WTO爭端解決機制下的具體運作程序和解決途徑。最后,對照我國現(xiàn)有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法機制的優(yōu)勢和不足,確立我國面臨此類條約的科學(xué)態(tài)度,完善我國的立法、司法、行政及海關(guān)程序,并為我國在WTO爭端解決機制下應(yīng)對此類爭議做好充分的法律和技術(shù)準備。 本文共五章,約十八萬字,前三章偏重理論,后兩章偏重實踐,第三章既是前兩章理論分析的結(jié)論和落腳點,也是后兩章實踐考察的前提和標尺,起到承上啟下的重要作用。各章的主要內(nèi)容分別為: 第一章為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法及其國際條約保護概述。主要介紹了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的概念、特征、功能,并簡單介紹了國際多邊條約以《TRIPS協(xié)定》為分界點,對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法標準從基本不作規(guī)定到疏密有致的體系化安排,而后在發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家的利益博弈中逐步分化為兩種不同發(fā)展趨勢的基本脈絡(luò)。 第二章為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法國際多邊條約調(diào)整的理論依據(jù)。從知識產(chǎn)權(quán)本身的特殊權(quán)利屬性、程序正義的應(yīng)有之意、全球化背景下國際法人本化發(fā)展趨勢的必然結(jié)果、條約必須遵守原則的內(nèi)在要求四個方面論證了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法事項通過國際多邊條約予以規(guī)定的合理性。 第三章為國際多邊條約中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法規(guī)定對傳統(tǒng)國際法理論的挑戰(zhàn)及合理構(gòu)建。主要分析了國際多邊條約規(guī)定知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法標準對國家執(zhí)法主權(quán)的限制的深入和對傳統(tǒng)國際條約義務(wù)內(nèi)涵和外延的擴展,以此為基礎(chǔ),歸納出國際多邊條約中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法性規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的尊重差異、均衡保護、整體機制可行以及程序正義等基本原則,以及與知識產(chǎn)權(quán)實體權(quán)利規(guī)定協(xié)調(diào)配合,確立合理的解釋權(quán)限和規(guī)則等必要限制。 第四章為各主要多邊條約知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法條款解析。分階段對《TRIPS協(xié)定》之前的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)多邊條約《、TRIPS協(xié)定》本身以及以ACTA為代表的TRIPS-plus條約中有關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的規(guī)定,結(jié)合經(jīng)典案例進行了解析和評價。其中,對《TRIPS協(xié)定》執(zhí)法條款的分析是本章的重點內(nèi)容,除了介紹《TRIPS協(xié)定》執(zhí)法條款的基本框架和具體要求外,還分析了《TRIPS協(xié)定》執(zhí)法條款與《TRIPS協(xié)定》其它條款、與WTO其他基本原則和機制的關(guān)系,并通過具體案例探析了WTO爭端解決專家小組和上訴機構(gòu)對執(zhí)法條款的態(tài)度。 第五章為國際多邊條約知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法標準對我國的影響及對策。主要介紹了我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法的現(xiàn)狀及特征,分析了現(xiàn)有國際多邊條約中的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法性規(guī)定,即《TRIPS協(xié)定》執(zhí)法條款、發(fā)達國家推動的TRIPS-plus執(zhí)法以及發(fā)展中國家倡導(dǎo)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護多元化目標體系對我國的不同影響。結(jié)合我國的國內(nèi)外實際,從對內(nèi)與對外兩個方面為我國合理應(yīng)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法國際標準,科學(xué)構(gòu)建符合我國國情的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法體制提出了建議。
[Abstract]:Intellectual property law enforcement is the abbreviation of intellectual property law enforcement protection. It usually refers to the law enforcement system and procedure of intellectual property protection, also known as the law enforcement mechanism of intellectual property. At the same time, the importance of intellectual property law enforcement began to highlight and gradually incorporated into the attention of international treaties.
The research on the enforcement of intellectual property rights in international multilateral treaties is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of great practical significance. Secondly, it expands the connotation and extension of traditional international treaty obligations. Thirdly, it deepens the self-limitation and external supervision of national law enforcement sovereignty. Finally, it points out that international multilateral treaties should abide by the provisions on intellectual property law enforcement. The practical significance of this proposition lies in that it is directly related to the construction of the enforcement mechanism of intellectual property rights in China and the prevention and response to the disputes concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism in the future. On the one hand, the analysis and combing of the development context of the intellectual property law enforcement clauses in the existing multilateral treaties will help us to correctly grasp the development direction and trend of the intellectual property law enforcement matters stipulated in the international treaties, so as to accurately predict the future development of the multilateral intellectual property treaties; on the other hand, the intellectual property in the existing multilateral treaties The interpretation analysis of the specific content of the law enforcement clause of the right is helpful to learn from and draw lessons from the scientific provisions, guard against its bad tendency, and provide a useful reference for the rational construction of the law enforcement mechanism of intellectual property rights in China.
In fact, it is not uncommon to interpret the law enforcement clauses in international intellectual property treaties in China, but there are few explanations on their rationality from the theoretical level, and on this basis, there are few discussions on the reasonable scope of international treaties for the law enforcement adjustment of intellectual property rights. It is not only the theoretical foundation of this paper, but also the determination of the nature and scope of the obligations of the enforcement provisions of the existing intellectual property treaties. The traditional theory of international law holds that the enforcement of intellectual property rights is a strict domestic matter, which is directly related to the state's sovereignty of law enforcement. It is necessary to find a "delicate" balance between state sovereignty and the binding of international treaty obligations. At the same time, intellectual property is a special monopoly right which has both the property of private rights and the function of public interests. The enforcement and relief of intellectual property rights must involve the intervention of state power, and it is necessary to balance the private incentive and public welfare of intellectual property rights, especially. When this balance must also be influenced by international factors from outside the country, it needs considerable flexibility and flexibility both in legislative attitude and in legislative technology to avoid the relevant treaty liability while adhering to the value orientation of domestic intellectual property policy as far as possible.
Starting with the concept, characteristics and functions of intellectual property law enforcement, this paper focuses on the adjustment of international multilateral treaties on the standards of intellectual property law enforcement. The dual attributes of the common welfare are analyzed, the differences between the common welfare and the traditional "human rights protection" and the particularity of the international protection means determined therefrom are analyzed, and the basic principles and necessary restrictions that should be followed in the degree, scope and manner of its involvement in a country's domestic law enforcement sovereignty are discussed, with emphasis on resolving the "whether or not" problem in the due field. Then, from a historical and empirical perspective, it examines the historical background and interests of the domestic enforcement obligations stipulated in the existing international intellectual property treaties, and the purposes and purposes of the relevant provisions, in particular those in Part III of TRIPS. Allow for a comprehensive investigation, combined with the general rules of interpretation of international treaties, from all the cases involving TRIPS enforcement clauses under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism up to now, summarize the basic attitude of the dispute settlement body, assist in understanding the accurate meaning of relevant enforcement clauses, and specifically analyze the specific transport of such disputes under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing enforcement mechanism of intellectual property rights in China, we should establish a scientific attitude towards such treaties, improve our legislative, judicial, administrative and customs procedures, and make adequate legal and technical preparations for China to deal with such disputes under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.
The first three chapters lay particular stress on theory and the latter two chapters lay particular stress on practice. The third chapter is not only the conclusion and foothold of theoretical analysis in the first two chapters, but also the premise and yardstick of practical investigation in the latter two chapters. It plays an important role in connecting the preceding and following chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of intellectual property law enforcement and its international treaty protection. It mainly introduces the concept, characteristics and functions of intellectual property law enforcement, and briefly introduces the international multilateral treaties which take TRIPS Agreement as the demarcation point, from basically not stipulating the standards of intellectual property law enforcement to densely and systematically arranging, and then in developed countries and development. The game of interests of the country has gradually been divided into two different development trends.
Chapter two is the theoretical basis for the adjustment of international multilateral treaties on intellectual property law enforcement.From the special property of intellectual property rights, the due meaning of procedural justice, the inevitable result of the development trend of humanization of international law under the background of globalization, the internal requirement of the principle that the treaties must abide by, this paper demonstrates the passing state of intellectual property law enforcement from four aspects. The rationality of the multilateral treaties is stipulated.
Chapter three is the challenge and reasonable construction of the traditional international law theory from the intellectual property law enforcement provisions in the international multilateral treaties. It mainly analyzes the restriction of the international multilateral treaties on the national law enforcement sovereignty and the extension of the connotation and extension of the obligations of the traditional international treaties. The enforcement provisions of intellectual property rights in multilateral treaties should follow such basic principles as respecting differences, balanced protection, feasibility of the overall mechanism and procedural justice, and coordinate with the provisions of entity rights of intellectual property rights to establish reasonable limits of authority and rules for interpretation.
Chapter Four is the analysis of the intellectual property law enforcement clauses of the major multilateral treaties. The article analyzes and evaluates the intellectual property law enforcement provisions of the multilateral intellectual property treaties before TRIPS Agreement and TRIPS Agreement itself and TRIPS-plus treaties represented by ACTA in stages, combining with classical cases. The analysis is the key content of this chapter. Apart from introducing the basic framework and specific requirements of the enforcement clauses of TRIPS Agreement, it also analyzes the relationship between the enforcement clauses of TRIPS Agreement and other provisions of TRIPS Agreement, and other basic principles and mechanisms of WTO. It also explores the enforcement clauses of the WTO Dispute Settlement Expert Group and the Appellate Body through specific cases. Attitude towards money.
The fifth chapter is about the impact and Countermeasures of international multilateral treaties on China's intellectual property law enforcement standards. It mainly introduces the current situation and characteristics of China's intellectual property law enforcement, and analyzes the provisions of the existing international multilateral treaties on intellectual property law enforcement, i.e. the enforcement clauses of TRIPS Agreement, the enforcement of TRIPS-plus promoted by developed countries and the advocacy of developing countries. Based on China's domestic and foreign realities, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to rationally cope with the international standards of intellectual property law enforcement and scientifically construct an intellectual property law enforcement system in line with China's national conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D997.1

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