【摘要】：與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議(以下簡(jiǎn)稱TRIPS協(xié)議)對(duì)地理標(biāo)志(以下簡(jiǎn)稱GIs)的定義是指識(shí)別貨物原產(chǎn)自一成員方境內(nèi)或其境內(nèi)的一個(gè)地區(qū)或地方的標(biāo)志,貨物的特定質(zhì)量、聲譽(yù)或其他特性實(shí)質(zhì)性地取決于其地理原產(chǎn)地。與商標(biāo)、集體商標(biāo)和證明商標(biāo)不同,地理標(biāo)志具有與地理因素緊密聯(lián)系、與農(nóng)業(yè)特殊聯(lián)系、所有權(quán)人特殊、權(quán)利永續(xù)、本土化與國際化共存等特征,這使得地理標(biāo)志權(quán)不同于一般的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。正是因?yàn)榈乩順?biāo)志具有這些與眾不同的特征,使其具有指示功能、保證功能和升值功能,越來越受到各國的關(guān)注,在國際市場(chǎng)上也的價(jià)值也越來越高。 縱觀地理標(biāo)志保護(hù)的歷史,從《巴黎公約》到《馬德里協(xié)定》、《里斯本協(xié)定》,再到TRIPS協(xié)議,國際社會(huì)對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)越來越重視,盡管各個(gè)協(xié)定、條約對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)都或多或少的存在不完善的地方,但是我們卻欣喜的看到關(guān)于地理標(biāo)志概念、保護(hù)條款的磋商和談判越來越多,各國都開始重視起地理標(biāo)志的重要價(jià)值,對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)已經(jīng)沖破發(fā)達(dá)國家的范圍,更多的發(fā)展中國家參與進(jìn)來,在地理標(biāo)志國際市場(chǎng)上爭(zhēng)得一席之地。在眾多條約、協(xié)定當(dāng)中,TRIPS協(xié)定對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)是具有里程碑意義的,TRIPS協(xié)議中保護(hù)地理標(biāo)志的條款有很多,其中包括綜合性保護(hù)條款、概念性保護(hù)條款、基礎(chǔ)性保護(hù)條款以及例外條款,其中基礎(chǔ)性保護(hù)條款又包括了一般保護(hù)條款、特別保護(hù)條款。這些條款從多方面、多角度對(duì)地理標(biāo)志進(jìn)行了保護(hù),使得TRIPS協(xié)議成為目前保護(hù)地理標(biāo)志的最有效工具。但是,由于文化傳統(tǒng)、殖民歷史、法律制度等原因,使得各國對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)問題產(chǎn)生分歧,其中以法國和美國為代表國家。爭(zhēng)議的主要問題包括是否應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的一般保護(hù)的問題、建立地理標(biāo)志通告和注冊(cè)制度的嚴(yán)格程度問題以及是否需要對(duì)地理標(biāo)志淡化和通用化的問題進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格限制的問題。 雖然存在著諸多問題,但是隨著全球化時(shí)代的到來,TRIPS協(xié)議各成員國必將本著互利共贏的原則,在今后的談判中進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的磋商,力求達(dá)到利益的平衡。而面對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的趨勢(shì),我國作為地理標(biāo)志的大國,也需要不斷完善現(xiàn)有法律中對(duì)于地理標(biāo)志保護(hù)的不當(dāng)之處,力求適應(yīng)TRIPS協(xié)議的要求,并且對(duì)地理標(biāo)志的保護(hù)立法進(jìn)行深入的研究,以期我國的地理標(biāo)志能在國際貿(mào)易中煥發(fā)出更加奪目的光彩。
[Abstract]:The Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the TRIPS Agreement) defines geographical indications (hereinafter referred to as GIs) as the identification of the origin of goods from the territory of a member Party or a region or place within its territory, and the specific quality of the goods, Reputation or other characteristics depend materially on their geographical origin. Unlike trademarks, collective trademarks and certification trademarks, geographical indications are closely related to geographical factors, special to agriculture, special to owners, permanent in rights, localization and internationalization, and so on. This makes the right of geographical indication different from the general intellectual property rights. It is precisely because geographical indications have these distinctive features that they have the functions of indication, assurance and appreciation, which have attracted more and more attention from all countries and become more and more valuable in the international market. Throughout the history of the protection of geographical indications, from the Paris Convention to the Madrid Agreement, the Lisbon Agreement, and to the TRIPS Agreement, the international community has paid more and more attention to the protection of geographical indications, despite the various agreements, The protection of geographical indications by the treaty is more or less imperfect, but we are glad to see that there are more and more consultations and negotiations on the concept of geographical indications, protection clauses, and countries are beginning to attach importance to the important value of geographical indications. The protection of geographical indications has broken beyond the scope of developed countries, more developing countries to participate in the geographical indications in the international market for a place. Among many treaties, the trips Agreement's protection of geographical indications is a landmark. There are many provisions for the protection of geographical indications in the trips Agreement, including comprehensive protection clauses and conceptual protection clauses. The basic protection clause and the exception clause include the general protection clause and the special protection clause. These clauses protect geographical indications from many aspects and angles, which makes TRIPS protocol become the most effective tool to protect geographical indications. However, due to cultural tradition, colonial history, legal system and other reasons, countries have different views on the protection of geographical indications, in which France and the United States are the representatives of the country. The main issues in the dispute include whether the general protection of geographical indications should be extended, The strict degree of establishing a geographical indication notification and registration system and the question of whether it is necessary to restrict the dilution and generalization of geographical indications or not. Although there are many problems, with the arrival of the era of globalization, the members of trips Agreement will, on the basis of the principle of mutual benefit and win-win situation, conduct further negotiations in future negotiations in order to achieve a balance of interests. In the face of the trend of economic globalization, China, as a large country with geographical indications, also needs to constantly improve the improper protection of geographical indications in existing laws in order to meet the requirements of the TRIPS Agreement. And the protection legislation of geographical indication is studied deeply, in the hope that the geographical indication of our country can shine more brilliantly in the international trade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D997.1

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