【摘要】： 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與壟斷是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)重要的一組概念。大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論對(duì)這組概念進(jìn)行闡述。市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)雜的,現(xiàn)實(shí)中,完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)是不可能存在的,而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與壟斷是相互存在的。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與壟斷也是兩面性的。正如過(guò)度的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)帶來(lái)市場(chǎng)的無(wú)序;壟斷也是具有其積極的一面。法律以經(jīng)濟(jì)為基礎(chǔ),一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論總是會(huì)影響作為上層建筑的法律。國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的反壟斷豁免制度以國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ),深受著國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的影響。 無(wú)論是傳統(tǒng)的航運(yùn)大國(guó),還是現(xiàn)代的航運(yùn)強(qiáng)國(guó),都對(duì)重要支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)的國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)建立了反壟斷豁免制度。壟斷具有積極方面的意義,這也正是反壟斷豁免存在的邏輯基礎(chǔ)。事物總是具有兩面性的,壟斷也是積極與消極的結(jié)合體。反壟斷應(yīng)該是反對(duì)壟斷的消極方面的。因此,對(duì)比權(quán)衡壟斷的積極效果與消極效果,當(dāng)壟斷可以滿足使人們獲得更多的利益時(shí),我們就可以適用反壟斷豁免制度。國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的反壟斷豁免制度歷史久遠(yuǎn),其存在的必要性和價(jià)值一直備受爭(zhēng)議。當(dāng)前,公用事業(yè)解除規(guī)制的趨勢(shì)下,我們更應(yīng)該理解這種制度的價(jià)值,以確定是否確立該制度。 本文共3萬(wàn)4千字,除引言外,共分為五個(gè)部分。 引言是國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的基本情況概述,主要論述國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的特點(diǎn)及班輪運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)上的主體。 第一部分是關(guān)于美國(guó)、歐盟及我國(guó)反壟斷和反壟斷豁免一般規(guī)定的論述。由于國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度是反壟斷豁免在國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)中的重要體現(xiàn)。因此本部分介紹美國(guó)反壟斷法中的本身違法原則和合理原則以及歐盟條約第81條(3)等反壟斷豁免的一般規(guī)定。 第二部分是關(guān)于國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度的論述。反壟斷是一般,反壟斷豁免是例外。作為例外的國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度包括實(shí)質(zhì)的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和形式的程序條件。只有符合法定的條件的行為才能構(gòu)成有限豁免。美國(guó)是現(xiàn)代的航運(yùn)強(qiáng)國(guó),歐盟中有許多國(guó)家是傳統(tǒng)的航運(yùn)強(qiáng)國(guó),因此,本部分專門介紹該兩大體系的國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度。 第三部分論述國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度與一般反壟斷豁免制度的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度體現(xiàn)了一般反壟斷豁免制度的原則,但兩者在價(jià)值、手段、立法規(guī)定等方面均有所不同。 第四部分是關(guān)于國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的反壟斷豁免制度的價(jià)值分析。從社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面來(lái)解析國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的反壟斷豁免制度,指出國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度是滿足社會(huì)層面、經(jīng)濟(jì)層面的需求。該部分特別指出國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度體現(xiàn)了國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)特點(diǎn)。國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度是多方利益協(xié)調(diào)結(jié)果。該制度的建立是立法機(jī)構(gòu)在考慮了班輪公司和托運(yùn)人的利益及整個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展所得出的結(jié)果,本身內(nèi)含經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等多方面的因素。 第五部分論述當(dāng)前國(guó)際上存在解除規(guī)制的趨勢(shì)以及在這種趨勢(shì)下國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的反壟斷豁免制度的發(fā)展。市場(chǎng)失靈和政府失靈理論說(shuō)明市場(chǎng)機(jī)制和政府規(guī)制兩者的缺陷,國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)應(yīng)該在主管機(jī)構(gòu)、規(guī)制手段等方面來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)兩種機(jī)制,以利于國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。該部分還提出我國(guó)國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度應(yīng)該明確豁免范圍、協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)制機(jī)關(guān)的職責(zé)等建議。
[Abstract]:Competition and monopoly are an important group of concepts in economics. A large number of economic theories explain the concept. The market structure is complex. In reality, a completely competitive market is impossible, and competition and monopoly exist. Competition and monopoly are two sides. Just as excessive competition will bring the disorder of the market; the monopoly is a monopoly. A certain economic theory, based on the economy, will always affect the law of the superstructure. The antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry is based on the international shipping industry and is deeply influenced by the international shipping industry.
Both the traditional shipping and the modern shipping powers have established an antitrust exemption system for the international shipping industry of the important pillar industries. Monopolies have positive significance. This is the logical basis for the existence of antitrust exemptions. Things are always dual, and monopoly is a positive and negative combination. It is against the negative aspects of monopoly. Therefore, comparing the positive and negative effects of monopoly, when monopoly can satisfy people to gain more interests, we can apply the system of antitrust exemption. The antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry has long been a long history, and the necessity and value of its existence have always been controversial. Under the trend of deregulation of public utilities, we should understand the value of this system in order to determine whether the system should be established.
This paper has a total of 30 thousand and 4 thousand words. Besides the introduction, it is divided into five parts.
The introduction is an overview of the basic situation of the international shipping industry, mainly discussing the characteristics of the international shipping industry and the main body of the liner shipping market.
The first part is about the general provisions of the United States, the European Union and China's anti-monopoly and antitrust exemption. Because the anti trust exemption system of the international shipping industry is an important embodiment of the antitrust exemption in the international shipping industry, this part introduces the principles and principles of the law in the United States antitrust law, as well as the eighty-first article of the EU treaty (3), etc. The general provisions of the antitrust exemption.
The second part is about the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. Antitrust is an ordinary one, and the exemption of antitrust is an exception. As an exception, the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system includes substantive criteria and form of procedural conditions. Only actions that conform to the legal conditions can constitute limited immunity. The United States is a modern shipping industry. As a powerful country, many countries in the European Union are traditional shipping powers. Therefore, this part introduces the antitrust exemption system of the two systems.
The third part discusses the difference and connection between the antitrust exemption system of international shipping industry and the general antitrust exemption system. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system embodies the principles of the general antitrust exemption system, but both are different in value, means and legislative provisions.
The fourth part is about the value analysis of the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry. From the social and economic aspects, it analyses the antitrust exemption system of the international shipping industry, and points out that the international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is to meet the social level and the economic level. The economic characteristics of the international shipping industry. The international shipping industry antitrust exemption system is the result of multi interests coordination. The establishment of the system is the result of the interests of the liner company and the shipper and the development of the whole industry, and it contains many factors such as economy and society.
The fifth part discusses the trend of current international deregulation and the development of the antitrust exemption system in the international shipping industry. The theory of market failure and government failure explains the defects of the market mechanism and government regulation, and the international shipping industry should coordinate the two mechanisms in the areas of the competent authorities and the means of regulation. It is beneficial to the development of international shipping industry. This part also puts forward some suggestions that the exemption system of the international shipping industry should clear the scope of exemption and coordinate the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D922.29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 金濱;;“后班輪公會(huì)時(shí)代”船運(yùn)公司合作方式發(fā)展趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)[J];公民與法(法學(xué)版);2011年08期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 田萌;航運(yùn)法律責(zé)任研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2012年

2 梁春美;國(guó)際航運(yùn)業(yè)反壟斷豁免制度研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2173607