貿易與環(huán)境保護的法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 18:21
【摘要】：經濟全球化的推進加快了貿易自由化的發(fā)展,而貿易自由化的發(fā)展又更加促進了各國產品在世界范圍內的廣泛流通。一方面,這在一定程度上加快了世界各國的經濟發(fā)展、優(yōu)化了全球的資源配置,而另一方面,貿易導致的環(huán)境污染問題也越來越成為國際社會所關注的焦點話題。由于貿易的自由化,一國可以自由地在世界范圍內進口本國所需要的產品,也可以將本國的產品出口到其他各個國家和地區(qū)。表面上看,貿易是優(yōu)化全球資源配置、增加社會財富、推動國際經濟發(fā)展和國際文化交流的動力,與環(huán)境并沒有必然聯系,但從實際來看,目前諸多的環(huán)境問題卻與貿易有著直接或間接的關系。而隨著這種關系的日益密切,限制貿易的環(huán)境保護措施也逐漸成為國際社會解決貿易污染環(huán)境問題的主要手段。這在一定程度上確實有利于環(huán)境保護,有效避免了貿易中的環(huán)境污染問題,但隨之而來的就是“綠色壁壘”的廣泛出現。在貿易與環(huán)境問題中“綠色壁壘”不僅嚴重阻礙貿易的健康發(fā)展,也不利于根本上解決貿易過程中的環(huán)境污染問題。因此,隨著貿易自由化的發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護熱潮的高漲,貿易與環(huán)境保護問題將會越來越突出,二者之間的沖突也將越來越明顯。 根據WTO統(tǒng)計,2008年我國全球貿易排名已躍居世界第三位。作為一個發(fā)展中國家,我國已經成為了一個貿易大國,大量的國外產品將通過貿易進入到我國,而我國的資源也會通過貿易出口到世界各國。但目前,很多發(fā)達國家為了避免本國環(huán)境的污染,利用其經濟、技術、資金等優(yōu)勢,將重污染企業(yè)紛紛轉移到我國境內,通過貿易從我國大量進口生產過程對環(huán)境造成不利影響的各種產品,并以此來實現貿易利益和環(huán)境利益。而對于我國來說,一些貿易商為了獲得更多的出口利潤,不惜付出污染環(huán)境的代價來大量生產國外所需要的產品,在獲得了巨額利潤的同時也對我國環(huán)境造成了嚴重的污染和破壞。 隨著我國貿易的不斷發(fā)展,我國環(huán)境所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和壓力也將越來越大。正確把握我國貿易發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護之間的關系,解決貿易與環(huán)境之間的沖突,已是我國目前所必須面對的重要問題。因此,在貿易和環(huán)境保護這兩種利益的沖突下,如何在當前國際形勢和我國實際情況下采取有效的應對措施,解決我國貿易與環(huán)境保護問題將是關系到我國實現長久經濟發(fā)展和保持良好環(huán)境的重要課題。本文將從貿易與環(huán)境保護的關系入手,找到二者的沖突及其原因,然后歸納和評價國際社會對貿易與環(huán)境保護問題的立法規(guī)定,并分析目前的發(fā)展趨勢,結合我國貿易和環(huán)境保護的國內立法現狀,最終提出我國應對貿易與環(huán)境保護問題的立法建議,為我國貿易與環(huán)境保護問題的研究提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:The development of economic globalization accelerates the development of trade liberalization, and the development of trade liberalization promotes the wide circulation of products in the world. On the one hand, it accelerates the economic development of the world to a certain extent and optimizes the global resource allocation. On the other hand, the environmental pollution caused by trade has become the focus of attention of the international community. Due to the liberalization of trade, a country can freely import its own products from all over the world, or export its products to other countries and regions. On the face of it, trade is the driving force for optimizing global resource allocation, increasing social wealth, promoting international economic development and international cultural exchange, and is not necessarily related to the environment, but from a practical point of view, At present, many environmental problems have direct or indirect relationship with trade. With the development of this relationship, the environmental protection measures which restrict trade gradually become the main means to solve the problem of trade pollution in the international community. To a certain extent, it is beneficial to environmental protection and effectively avoids the environmental pollution in trade, but followed by the widespread emergence of "green barriers". In trade and environment, "green barrier" not only seriously hinders the healthy development of trade, but also is unfavorable to solving the problem of environmental pollution in the course of trade. Therefore, with the development of trade liberalization and the upsurge of environmental protection, the problems of trade and environmental protection will become more and more prominent, and the conflict between them will become more and more obvious. According to WTO statistics, China's global trade ranking has leapt to the third place in the world in 2008. As a developing country, China has become a big trading country, a large number of foreign products will enter our country through trade, and our resources will be exported to the world through trade. But at present, in order to avoid environmental pollution in their own countries, many developed countries have used their economic, technological and financial advantages to transfer heavily polluted enterprises to our country one after another. In order to realize the benefits of trade and environment, a large number of products are imported from China through trade, which have adverse effects on the environment. For our country, in order to obtain more export profits, some traders pay the cost of polluting the environment to mass produce products needed abroad. At the same time, it has caused serious pollution and damage to the environment of our country. With the development of our country's trade, our country's environment will face more and more challenges and pressures. To correctly grasp the relationship between trade development and environmental protection and to resolve the conflict between trade and environment is an important problem that our country must face at present. Therefore, in the conflict of interests between trade and environmental protection, how to take effective countermeasures in the current international situation and in the actual situation of our country, To solve the problems of trade and environmental protection in China will be an important issue related to the realization of long-term economic development and the maintenance of a good environment in China. Starting with the relationship between trade and environmental protection, this paper will find out the conflict between the two and their causes, and then summarize and evaluate the international legislation on trade and environmental protection, and analyze the current development trend. Combined with the current situation of domestic legislation on trade and environmental protection in China, this paper finally puts forward some legislative suggestions to deal with the problems of trade and environmental protection, which provides a new way of thinking for the study of trade and environmental protection in China.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996;D922.68;D922.295
本文編號：2164715
[Abstract]:The development of economic globalization accelerates the development of trade liberalization, and the development of trade liberalization promotes the wide circulation of products in the world. On the one hand, it accelerates the economic development of the world to a certain extent and optimizes the global resource allocation. On the other hand, the environmental pollution caused by trade has become the focus of attention of the international community. Due to the liberalization of trade, a country can freely import its own products from all over the world, or export its products to other countries and regions. On the face of it, trade is the driving force for optimizing global resource allocation, increasing social wealth, promoting international economic development and international cultural exchange, and is not necessarily related to the environment, but from a practical point of view, At present, many environmental problems have direct or indirect relationship with trade. With the development of this relationship, the environmental protection measures which restrict trade gradually become the main means to solve the problem of trade pollution in the international community. To a certain extent, it is beneficial to environmental protection and effectively avoids the environmental pollution in trade, but followed by the widespread emergence of "green barriers". In trade and environment, "green barrier" not only seriously hinders the healthy development of trade, but also is unfavorable to solving the problem of environmental pollution in the course of trade. Therefore, with the development of trade liberalization and the upsurge of environmental protection, the problems of trade and environmental protection will become more and more prominent, and the conflict between them will become more and more obvious. According to WTO statistics, China's global trade ranking has leapt to the third place in the world in 2008. As a developing country, China has become a big trading country, a large number of foreign products will enter our country through trade, and our resources will be exported to the world through trade. But at present, in order to avoid environmental pollution in their own countries, many developed countries have used their economic, technological and financial advantages to transfer heavily polluted enterprises to our country one after another. In order to realize the benefits of trade and environment, a large number of products are imported from China through trade, which have adverse effects on the environment. For our country, in order to obtain more export profits, some traders pay the cost of polluting the environment to mass produce products needed abroad. At the same time, it has caused serious pollution and damage to the environment of our country. With the development of our country's trade, our country's environment will face more and more challenges and pressures. To correctly grasp the relationship between trade development and environmental protection and to resolve the conflict between trade and environment is an important problem that our country must face at present. Therefore, in the conflict of interests between trade and environmental protection, how to take effective countermeasures in the current international situation and in the actual situation of our country, To solve the problems of trade and environmental protection in China will be an important issue related to the realization of long-term economic development and the maintenance of a good environment in China. Starting with the relationship between trade and environmental protection, this paper will find out the conflict between the two and their causes, and then summarize and evaluate the international legislation on trade and environmental protection, and analyze the current development trend. Combined with the current situation of domestic legislation on trade and environmental protection in China, this paper finally puts forward some legislative suggestions to deal with the problems of trade and environmental protection, which provides a new way of thinking for the study of trade and environmental protection in China.
【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996;D922.68;D922.295
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