【摘要】：南極大陸擁有豐富的自然資源、獨特的自然景觀,其極端的自然環(huán)境使之成為地球上人類發(fā)現(xiàn)、開發(fā)及受影響最晚的大陸,近年來在科技條件逐漸成熟及人類消費需求提高的情況下,前往南極旅行的人數(shù)迅速增長,也造就國際南極旅游組織協(xié)會(International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators IAATO)與相關國際自治組織的興起;同時,在1959年《南極條約》、1991年《關于環(huán)境保護的南極條約議定書》等條約和文件的限制下,南極旅游受到一定的約束。然而這些條約本身對于南極旅游議題的規(guī)定有所欠缺,導致其在執(zhí)法權(quán)和執(zhí)法力度上有所缺憾,再加上國內(nèi)研究多局限于從旅游規(guī)劃和旅游管理角度出發(fā),對南極旅游前景進行設想或介紹,法律規(guī)范構(gòu)建之議題尚屬闕如。故本研究以南極旅游所面臨的國際法問題為導向,簡析南極旅游業(yè)相關組織現(xiàn)況及法律問題,并探討人類活動對南極生態(tài)的影響以及在目前國際法框架下對該類行為該如何規(guī)制。再以曾經(jīng)對南極部分地區(qū)提出過主權(quán)主張的三個典型的南極旅游業(yè)國家澳大利亞、英國及智利所訂定的相關國內(nèi)法為例,探討中國在南極旅游國內(nèi)法層面的相關制度及法律構(gòu)建問題。最后針對本國涉及南極旅游相關立法和管理組織、發(fā)展南極旅游業(yè)的必要性及南極旅游國內(nèi)立法三個面項,進行分析并提出立法完善建議。
[Abstract]:The Antarctic continent is rich in natural resources and unique natural landscapes, and its extreme natural environment makes it the last continent on earth to be discovered, exploited and affected by human beings. The rapid growth in the number of people travelling to the South Pole in recent years with the maturing of science and technology and the increasing demand for human consumption has also contributed to the emergence of the International Association of Antarctica Tour operators IAATO and related international autonomous organizations. Antarctic tourism is bound by treaties and documents such as the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and 1991 Antarctic Treaty Protocol on Environmental Protection. However, these treaties themselves lack provisions on Antarctic tourism issues, resulting in deficiencies in their enforcement powers and enforcement efforts, coupled with the fact that domestic research is mostly limited to tourism planning and tourism management. The prospect of Antarctic tourism is envisaged or introduced, and the topic of legal norm construction is still absent. Therefore, based on the problems of international law faced by Antarctic tourism, this study briefly analyzes the current situation and legal problems of Antarctic tourism related organizations. The effects of human activities on Antarctic ecology and how to regulate such behaviors under the framework of current international law are also discussed. Take for example the relevant domestic laws enacted by Australia, the United Kingdom and Chile, three typical Antarctic tourism countries that have claimed sovereignty over parts of the Antarctic. This paper probes into the system and legal construction of China's domestic law on Antarctic tourism. In the end, this paper analyzes the necessity of developing Antarctic tourism and the domestic legislation of Antarctic tourism, and puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legislation in view of the related legislation and management organization of Antarctic tourism in our country.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D993.5

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