海洋法中剩余權(quán)利與我國海洋權(quán)益維護(hù)的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-15 10:48
【摘要】：《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》（UNCLOS）是全世界范圍內(nèi)成就最大的一部國際法典，這部國際性的綜合法典于1982年12月10日在牙買加的蒙特哥灣召開的第三次聯(lián)合國海洋法會(huì)議（UNCLOSⅢ）上獲得與會(huì)國家的廣泛認(rèn)可，并最終獲得通過，成為人類歷史上重構(gòu)國際海洋新秩序的“海洋憲法”。第三次國際海洋法會(huì)議歷經(jīng)9年（1973—1982），11個(gè)會(huì)期，共計(jì)15次會(huì)議，最終達(dá)成了重大的成果，一部具有規(guī)范國際海洋秩序的法律得以誕生，這部法律在1994年11月16日正式生效�！堵�(lián)合國海洋法公約》共計(jì)17個(gè)部分、446個(gè)法律條文、其中另附有9個(gè)單獨(dú)的附件�！堵�(lián)合國海洋法公約》規(guī)定了領(lǐng)海和毗連區(qū)、用于國際航行的海峽、群島國水域、專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、公海、島嶼、閉海或半閉海、海洋過境通行自由、國際海底區(qū)域、海洋環(huán)境的保護(hù)與保全、海洋科學(xué)研究、海洋技術(shù)的發(fā)展和轉(zhuǎn)讓、爭(zhēng)端解決程序等法律制度，這些制度幾乎涉及海洋領(lǐng)域的所有相關(guān)問題，囊括了海洋法的所有核心制度，為構(gòu)建21世紀(jì)新的藍(lán)色海洋秩序提供了法律保障。 1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的制定與產(chǎn)生，與其復(fù)雜的國際形勢(shì)和國際海洋格局變化以及發(fā)展中國家和海洋強(qiáng)國之間的博弈有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。1982年《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》制定時(shí)，錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的歷史背景和歷史條件決定了《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》是一部利益博弈不均衡的國際法典，在這部法典中有諸多的未以法律條文直接加以規(guī)定的權(quán)利和法律措辭含糊的權(quán)利，即國際海洋法學(xué)界稱之為“剩余權(quán)利”（Residual Rights）或是“海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利”（Residual Rightsof UNCLOS）。正是這些剩余權(quán)利的存在，加之國際海洋權(quán)益爭(zhēng)奪隨著各國海洋科技發(fā)展和各國能源資源政策傾斜而不斷愈演愈烈，某些海洋強(qiáng)國甚至無視國際公約的存在，無視國際海洋法的約束，不斷侵犯沿海國的合法海洋權(quán)益。 海洋占地球表面積約為71%，海洋是礦物資源的聚寶盆、人類未來的糧倉，隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，資源的日益消耗，未來海洋利益的爭(zhēng)奪會(huì)顯得更加激烈，尤其是海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利的爭(zhēng)奪。作為決定國家在21世紀(jì)能源戰(zhàn)略地位的海洋必將面臨諸國紛爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)面，沿海國要合法地維護(hù)本國的合法海洋權(quán)益，某些海洋強(qiáng)國妄圖規(guī)避《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》的法律條款，，謀求更多的利益，沿海國的國家海洋管轄權(quán)和海洋霸權(quán)主義國家的海洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)正逐漸上演，畢竟海洋決定這些國家今后在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、軍事等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展和地位。 海洋權(quán)益的維護(hù)需要全世界各個(gè)國家的共同參與，中國作為海洋大國，海洋科學(xué)研究還有待發(fā)展，本文研究的目的在于試圖用歷史分析的方法探究海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利所產(chǎn)生的歷史背景；運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)分析的方法從法理學(xué)的角度闡釋海洋法中剩余權(quán)利的法律屬性和權(quán)利基礎(chǔ)，詳細(xì)分析海洋法中的剩余權(quán)利在領(lǐng)海、專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、國際海底區(qū)域等具體法律制度中的體現(xiàn)；運(yùn)用對(duì)比分析的方法以國際化的視角看國內(nèi)外海洋權(quán)益維護(hù)狀況，并指出海洋法中剩余權(quán)利對(duì)海洋權(quán)益維護(hù)的影響；最終在符合《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》宗旨和原則下，提出界定剩余權(quán)利法律屬性的見解，從保護(hù)剩余權(quán)利的角度談如何維護(hù)我國的海洋權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS) is the world's largest international code of international law. The international comprehensive code was widely recognized by the participating states at the Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea (UNCLOS III), held in the Jamaica Bay in December 10, 1982, and was finally adopted to become the history of human history. The Third International Conference on the law of the sea, after 9 years (1973 - 1982), 11 sessions and a total of 15 meetings, has finally reached a major achievement, and the law of the international marine order was born. The law was formally entered into force in November 16, 1994. The total of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UN Convention on the law of the sea) The 17 part, 446 legal provisions, including 9 separate annexes. The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea provides for the territorial sea and the contiguous area, the strait for international navigation, the waters of the islands, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas, the islands, the closed sea or the semi closed sea, the freedom of the sea transit passage, the international seabed area, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, the marine environment, and the marine department. Studies, the development and transfer of marine technology, the dispute settlement process, and other legal systems, which cover almost all related issues in the field of the ocean, include all the core systems of the law of the sea, and provide legal safeguards for the construction of a new blue ocean order in twenty-first Century.
The formulation and production of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea in 1982 is closely related to the complex international situation and changes in the international ocean pattern, and the game between the developing countries and the maritime powers. The complex historical and historical conditions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea,.1982, determine the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. It is an international code of disequilibrium of interest game, in which there are many rights and ambiguities that are not directly stipulated by the legal provisions, that is, the international maritime law circle called "Residual Rights" (Residual) or "the remnant Yu Quanli of the law of the sea" (Residual Rightsof UNCLOS). The existence of surplus rights and the competition for international maritime rights and interests are becoming increasingly fierce with the development of marine science and technology and the policy of energy resources in various countries. Some maritime powers even ignore the existence of international conventions, ignore the constraints of international maritime law, and continue to infringe the maritime rights and interests of the coastal states.
The ocean is about 71% of the earth's surface area, and the ocean is a treasure basin of mineral resources. The future of human granary, with the development of the world economy, the increasing consumption of resources, the competition for the future marine interests will appear more intense, especially the contention of the residual rights in the ocean law. As a decision of the state's energy strategic position in the twenty-first Century, the sea will be determined. In the face of disputes in all countries, the coastal States should legally safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Some maritime powers are trying to avoid the legal provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and seek more interests. The marine wars along the maritime jurisdiction of the sea countries and the marine hegemony of the Maritime hegemonism are gradually being staged. After all, the oceans decide these countries. The future development and position in many fields such as economy, politics, culture and military affairs.
The maintenance of marine rights and interests requires the joint participation of all countries in the world. As a big ocean country, the research of marine science remains to be developed. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical background of the residual rights in the law of the sea by means of historical analysis, and to explain the sea from the perspective of jurisprudence with the method of systematic analysis. The legal attribute and right basis of the surplus rights in the ocean law, the embodiment of the residual rights in the maritime law in the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the international seabed area and other specific legal systems, and the international perspective on the maintenance of marine rights and interests at home and abroad by means of comparative analysis, and the remainder rights of the ocean law to the ocean. In accordance with the purpose and principle of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the author puts forward the view of defining the legal attributes of the remaining rights, and discusses how to safeguard our maritime rights and interests from the perspective of the protection of the remaining rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS) is the world's largest international code of international law. The international comprehensive code was widely recognized by the participating states at the Third United Nations Conference on the law of the sea (UNCLOS III), held in the Jamaica Bay in December 10, 1982, and was finally adopted to become the history of human history. The Third International Conference on the law of the sea, after 9 years (1973 - 1982), 11 sessions and a total of 15 meetings, has finally reached a major achievement, and the law of the international marine order was born. The law was formally entered into force in November 16, 1994. The total of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UN Convention on the law of the sea) The 17 part, 446 legal provisions, including 9 separate annexes. The United Nations Convention on the law of the sea provides for the territorial sea and the contiguous area, the strait for international navigation, the waters of the islands, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas, the islands, the closed sea or the semi closed sea, the freedom of the sea transit passage, the international seabed area, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, the marine environment, and the marine department. Studies, the development and transfer of marine technology, the dispute settlement process, and other legal systems, which cover almost all related issues in the field of the ocean, include all the core systems of the law of the sea, and provide legal safeguards for the construction of a new blue ocean order in twenty-first Century.
The formulation and production of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea in 1982 is closely related to the complex international situation and changes in the international ocean pattern, and the game between the developing countries and the maritime powers. The complex historical and historical conditions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea,.1982, determine the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea. It is an international code of disequilibrium of interest game, in which there are many rights and ambiguities that are not directly stipulated by the legal provisions, that is, the international maritime law circle called "Residual Rights" (Residual) or "the remnant Yu Quanli of the law of the sea" (Residual Rightsof UNCLOS). The existence of surplus rights and the competition for international maritime rights and interests are becoming increasingly fierce with the development of marine science and technology and the policy of energy resources in various countries. Some maritime powers even ignore the existence of international conventions, ignore the constraints of international maritime law, and continue to infringe the maritime rights and interests of the coastal states.
The ocean is about 71% of the earth's surface area, and the ocean is a treasure basin of mineral resources. The future of human granary, with the development of the world economy, the increasing consumption of resources, the competition for the future marine interests will appear more intense, especially the contention of the residual rights in the ocean law. As a decision of the state's energy strategic position in the twenty-first Century, the sea will be determined. In the face of disputes in all countries, the coastal States should legally safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Some maritime powers are trying to avoid the legal provisions of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea and seek more interests. The marine wars along the maritime jurisdiction of the sea countries and the marine hegemony of the Maritime hegemonism are gradually being staged. After all, the oceans decide these countries. The future development and position in many fields such as economy, politics, culture and military affairs.
The maintenance of marine rights and interests requires the joint participation of all countries in the world. As a big ocean country, the research of marine science remains to be developed. The purpose of this study is to explore the historical background of the residual rights in the law of the sea by means of historical analysis, and to explain the sea from the perspective of jurisprudence with the method of systematic analysis. The legal attribute and right basis of the surplus rights in the ocean law, the embodiment of the residual rights in the maritime law in the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone, the international seabed area and other specific legal systems, and the international perspective on the maintenance of marine rights and interests at home and abroad by means of comparative analysis, and the remainder rights of the ocean law to the ocean. In accordance with the purpose and principle of the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the author puts forward the view of defining the legal attributes of the remaining rights, and discusses how to safeguard our maritime rights and interests from the perspective of the protection of the remaining rights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
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