本文選題：內(nèi)羅畢公約 + 領(lǐng)海及內(nèi)水　； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：一直以來(lái),殘骸清除打撈是困擾各沿岸國(guó)的一個(gè)大難題,尤其是在清除費(fèi)用的追償、責(zé)任主體的認(rèn)定等問(wèn)題上世界各國(guó)存在著各種分歧,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)并沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)際公約來(lái)規(guī)范。1996年在IMO第73次會(huì)議上第一次提出了《殘骸清除公約草案》,后于2007年5月在內(nèi)羅畢召開(kāi)的外交會(huì)議上決議并通過(guò)了該《公約》,2015年4月14日自丹麥成為第十個(gè)締約國(guó)的一年以后,2007年《內(nèi)羅畢國(guó)際殘骸清除公約》正式生效。我國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部也在2016年12月30日發(fā)布了《公約》將于2017年2月11日在我國(guó)生效的公告,全世界的殘骸清除形勢(shì)將會(huì)被改寫(xiě)。但是《公約》規(guī)定適用的范圍是一國(guó)的專(zhuān)屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū),對(duì)于領(lǐng)海是進(jìn)行"原則加選擇性適用"的規(guī)則,鑒于我國(guó)對(duì)于殘骸清除的國(guó)內(nèi)法目前處于混亂狀態(tài),法律數(shù)目繁多,位階層次不清,適用法律困難,法律規(guī)定落后等等問(wèn)題,在我國(guó)宣布《公約》適用之后,專(zhuān)屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的問(wèn)題可以迎刃而解,但是我國(guó)的領(lǐng)海及內(nèi)水仍然殘存很多亟待解決的問(wèn)題。筆者通過(guò)查閱多方資料,探究《公約》在IMO法律委員會(huì)的制定過(guò)程,從《公約》的制定過(guò)程出發(fā),列舉了《公約》在制定過(guò)程中部分締約國(guó)不同的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn),然后主要探究了《公約》適用專(zhuān)屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)對(duì)我國(guó)的影響,分析《公約》中"原則加選擇性適用"的規(guī)則機(jī)制,對(duì)比了如果擴(kuò)大適用到領(lǐng)海及內(nèi)水之后的被保留的規(guī)定以及未保留的規(guī)定,并且探討了兩種類(lèi)規(guī)定分別可能產(chǎn)生的影響,其中最主要的是對(duì)主權(quán)是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生不利影響,后來(lái)大膽假設(shè)如果我國(guó)將《公約》擴(kuò)大適用之后會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)的海事主管機(jī)關(guān)、航運(yùn)企業(yè)、保險(xiǎn)公司以及沉船沉物打撈企業(yè)會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的利弊影響,最后結(jié)合我國(guó)的立法現(xiàn)狀,如果擴(kuò)大適用之后我們應(yīng)該在哪方面做出改變,以及即使不擴(kuò)大適用我們應(yīng)該采取什么措施,最后分析得出關(guān)于《公約》可以擴(kuò)大適用至領(lǐng)海及內(nèi)水的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:For a long time, debris removal and salvage has been a major problem for coastal states. In particular, there are various differences in the world over the recovery of removal costs, the identification of the responsible parties, and so on. There has long been no uniform international convention to regulate it. The draft wreckage removal convention was first presented at the IMO 73rd meeting in 1996, and was adopted at a diplomatic conference held in Nairobi in May 2007. The Nairobi Convention on Wreck removal came into force in 2007, one year after Denmark became the tenth party to the Convention on April 14, 2015. China's Ministry of Transport also announced on December 30, 2016 that the Convention will enter into force in China on February 11, 2017, and the world's debris removal situation will be rewritten. However, the scope of application of the provisions of the Convention is the exclusive economic zone of a State and the rule of "principle plus selective application" for the territorial sea. In view of the fact that China's domestic law on debris removal is currently in a state of confusion, there are a large number of laws. The level is unclear, the application of the law is difficult, the legal provisions are backward, and so on. After our country declares the application of the Convention, the problem of the exclusive economic zone can be easily solved. However, China's territorial waters and internal waters are still a lot of problems to be solved. The author explores the process of making the Convention in the Law Committee of IMO by consulting various materials. From the process of making the Convention, the author enumerates the different positions of some States parties in the process of making the Convention. Then it mainly explores the impact of the Convention's application of the exclusive economic zone on our country, and analyzes the rule mechanism of "principle plus selective application" in the Convention. Comparing the provisions which, if extended to the territorial sea and after the internal waters, are retained, as well as those that are not, and exploring the possible effects of each of the two categories of provisions, the most important of which is whether or not there will be adverse effects on sovereignty, Later, it was boldly assumed that if our country extended the application of the Convention, it would have a negative and negative impact on our maritime authorities, shipping enterprises, insurance companies and shipwrecking enterprises, and finally on the current legislative situation of our country. If we make changes after the extension of application and what measures we should take even if we do not, the conclusion that the Convention can be extended to the territorial sea and internal waters is finally analysed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D996.9

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