本文選題：清潔能源 + 補(bǔ)貼��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著化石能源逐日用竭,清潔能源已經(jīng)成為各國(guó)重點(diǎn)扶持的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。但是,清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一項(xiàng)新興產(chǎn)業(yè),生產(chǎn)成本巨大,必須依靠政府的支持才能順利地發(fā)展。因此各國(guó)政府都給予清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)以各種形式的資金支持。而這種資金支持很有可能被認(rèn)定為是政府給予的補(bǔ)貼,從而被認(rèn)定違反了世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)的規(guī)則。 本文分為四章。第一章簡(jiǎn)單介紹了化石能源以及清潔能源的概念以及種類,之后介紹了各國(guó)發(fā)展清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的緣由,并簡(jiǎn)略介紹了部分國(guó)家現(xiàn)行有效的對(duì)清潔能源的補(bǔ)貼措施。第二章從對(duì)法條和既往案例的分析入手,重點(diǎn)介紹了WTO規(guī)則下的反補(bǔ)貼規(guī)定,即《補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼措施協(xié)定》(《SCM協(xié)定》),梳理了《SCM協(xié)定》下對(duì)補(bǔ)貼各要件的定義以及既往案例中的認(rèn)定方式,重點(diǎn)分析了“專項(xiàng)性”以及“禁止類補(bǔ)貼”的定義。繼而作為對(duì)比,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了美國(guó)反補(bǔ)貼規(guī)定與實(shí)踐,特別是涉及中國(guó)的實(shí)踐。第三章基于美國(guó)鋼鐵工人聯(lián)合會(huì)(USW)針對(duì)中國(guó)清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)提出的申訴報(bào)告以及美國(guó)政府隨后提出的WTO磋商請(qǐng)求,首先簡(jiǎn)述了美國(guó)301調(diào)查制度,并就301調(diào)查與WTO磋商之間的聯(lián)系簡(jiǎn)述了對(duì)USW申訴報(bào)告進(jìn)行分析的必要性,隨后對(duì)USW報(bào)告中涉及補(bǔ)貼措施的部分進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析,并列舉了部分在報(bào)告中所涉及的中國(guó)的法律法規(guī)。第四章有針對(duì)性地詳細(xì)列舉并分析了中國(guó)清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)行補(bǔ)貼措施,并聯(lián)系USW申訴報(bào)告從禁止性補(bǔ)貼以及可訴性補(bǔ)貼兩方面進(jìn)行了評(píng)析,嘗試以WTO合規(guī)性的角度對(duì)所涉及的法律法規(guī)的合規(guī)性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),隨后以《SCM協(xié)定》為基礎(chǔ),提出了部分理論上的解決方案,以期對(duì)問(wèn)題的解決進(jìn)行有限的嘗試。 本文試圖將WTO規(guī)則與USW申訴報(bào)告進(jìn)行理論與實(shí)踐上的結(jié)合,從而一窺清潔能源產(chǎn)業(yè)的補(bǔ)貼現(xiàn)狀,并提出可能的解決方案以期達(dá)到拋磚引玉的效果。
[Abstract]:With the daily use of fossil energy, clean energy has become a key support of emerging industries. However, clean energy industry as a new industry, production costs are huge, must rely on the support of the government to develop smoothly. Therefore, governments all over the world give clean energy industry various forms of financial support. Such financial support is likely to be recognized as a subsidy from the government, thus violating World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the concept and types of fossil energy and clean energy, then introduces the reasons of developing clean energy industry in various countries, and briefly introduces the effective subsidy measures for clean energy in some countries. The second chapter starts with the analysis of the law and past cases, and introduces the countervailing provisions under the WTO rules. That is, the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures (SCM Agreement), which combs the definition of various elements of subsidy under the Agreement of SCM and the ways of confirming it in previous cases, and focuses on the analysis of the definitions of "specificity" and "prohibited subsidy". Then, as a contrast, the article briefly introduces the anti-subsidy regulations and practice in the United States, especially the practice involving China. The third chapter is based on the complaint report made by the American Iron and Steel Workers Union (USW) against China's clean energy industry and the WTO consultation request made by the US government. The necessity of analyzing the USW complaint report is briefly described on the basis of the connection between the 301 investigation and the WTO consultation, and then the detailed analysis of the part of the USW report concerning the subsidy measures is carried out. Some of the Chinese laws and regulations involved in the report are also listed. The fourth chapter enumerates and analyzes the current subsidy measures in China's clean energy industry in detail, and analyzes the two aspects of prohibited subsidies and actionable subsidies in connection with the USW complaint report. This paper attempts to evaluate the compliance of the laws and regulations involved from the point of view of WTO compliance, and then, based on the SCM Agreement, puts forward some theoretical solutions in order to make a limited attempt to solve the problem. This paper attempts to combine the WTO rules with the USW complaint report in theory and practice in order to get a glimpse of the current situation of subsidies in the clean energy industry and to put forward possible solutions in order to achieve the effect of giving a brick to the jade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D996.1;D996.9

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