本文選題：公海　切入點(diǎn)：環(huán)境污染　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：公海位于各國主權(quán)管轄范圍之外，其目前法律制度的基礎(chǔ)是公海自由原則。本文從公海特殊的國際法屬性出發(fā)，通過闡述近年來公海在環(huán)境保護(hù)和污染治理方面所遇到的困境，提出一些可行的解決方案，同時呼吁國際社會加強(qiáng)對該問題的關(guān)注。 本文第一部分重點(diǎn)闡述公海污染的現(xiàn)狀以及造成該現(xiàn)狀的重要原因。指出隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人類生產(chǎn)能力的提高，公海環(huán)境污染的來源大為增加，規(guī)模日益龐大，逐漸超出海洋本身的自凈能力。而由于公海所具有的特殊法律性質(zhì)，公海污染的防治工作面臨困境。 第二部分，闡述國際法上關(guān)于環(huán)境污染的一般歸責(zé)原則，提出無論是環(huán)境法上傳統(tǒng)的違法性原則還是新近發(fā)展的“國際法不加禁止之行為”產(chǎn)生的國家責(zé)任都無法完全適用于公海環(huán)境污染追責(zé)的客觀需求，并據(jù)此指出適用于公海污染損害所需的特殊歸責(zé)原則應(yīng)具有的要點(diǎn)，同時對公海污染承擔(dān)責(zé)任的具體形式進(jìn)行討論和歸納。 第三部分，通過對相關(guān)防治公海污染的法律及條約進(jìn)行梳理，，發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)存規(guī)制遠(yuǎn)不能滿足日益嚴(yán)峻的污染治理需求。進(jìn)而針對目前缺乏專門性公海污染防治公約的現(xiàn)狀，提出制訂專門性國際公約的設(shè)想，并對該設(shè)想公約的主旨、概念和具體制度進(jìn)行討論。 第四部分，通過對現(xiàn)存公海管理機(jī)構(gòu)的分析和闡述，發(fā)現(xiàn)目前在公海管理問題上，仍缺乏一個職權(quán)清晰明確的全球性管理機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一管理和控制。并針對目前公海污染缺乏全球性統(tǒng)一管理組織的現(xiàn)狀，提出設(shè)立專門性管理機(jī)構(gòu)的建議；此外，本部分還提出設(shè)立公海環(huán)境專項基金，以對公海環(huán)境保護(hù)和污染治理提供資金支持。 第五部分，針對國際法上新近出現(xiàn)的建立“公海保護(hù)區(qū)”以保護(hù)公海生態(tài)環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)和趨勢進(jìn)行分析，指出“公海保護(hù)區(qū)”是一種保護(hù)公海環(huán)境有效和可行的方式，但對其中可能存在的問題亦明確指出，并提出在不違背公海自由原則的前提下，通過區(qū)域合作方式建立“公海保護(hù)區(qū)”是可行的方案。 第六部分，通過對本文全部內(nèi)容進(jìn)行梳理和總結(jié)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)公海環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性，防治公海污染對人類而言意義重大。
[Abstract]:The high seas lie outside the sovereign jurisdiction of States, and their current legal system is based on the principle of freedom of the high seas.Starting from the special international law attribute of the high seas, this paper expounds the difficulties encountered by the high seas in environmental protection and pollution control in recent years, puts forward some feasible solutions, and appeals to the international community to pay more attention to this problem.The first part of this paper focuses on the status quo of high seas pollution and the important reasons for this situation.It is pointed out that with the development of economy and the improvement of human production capacity, the sources of environmental pollution in the high seas are increasing greatly, and the scale is increasing, which gradually exceeds the self-purification ability of the ocean itself.Due to the special legal nature of the high seas, the prevention and control of high seas pollution is facing difficulties.The second part, expound the general imputation principle of environmental pollution in international law,Proposing that neither the traditional principle of lawlessness in environmental law nor the State responsibility arising from the newly developed "acts not prohibited by international law" can be fully applied to the objective need of environmental pollution liability on the high seas,The main points of the special imputation principle applicable to high seas pollution damage are pointed out, and the concrete forms of high seas pollution liability are discussed and summarized.In the third part, by combing the relevant laws and treaties to prevent and control pollution in the high seas, it is found that the existing regulations are far from satisfying the increasingly severe demand for pollution control.In view of the present situation of the lack of a special convention on the prevention and control of high seas pollution, this paper puts forward the idea of making a special international convention, and discusses the main idea, concept and concrete system of the convention.In the fourth part, through the analysis and elaboration of the existing high seas management agencies, it is found that there is still a lack of a clear and clear global management organization to carry out unified management and control in the management of the high seas.In view of the current situation of the lack of a global unified management organization for high seas pollution, a proposal for the establishment of a specialized management body is put forward. In addition, this section also proposes the establishment of a special fund for the environment of the high seas.To provide financial support for environmental protection and pollution control on the high seas.In the fifth part, the author analyzes the new ideas and trends of establishing "high seas protected areas" in international law to protect the ecological environment of the high seas, and points out that "high seas protected areas" is an effective and feasible way to protect the environment of the high seas.However, the possible problems are also pointed out, and it is suggested that it is feasible to establish "high seas protected areas" through regional cooperation without violating the principle of freedom of the high seas.The sixth part, through combing and summing up the whole content of this paper, further emphasizes the importance of environmental protection of the high seas, and the prevention and control of high seas pollution is of great significance to human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D996.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 焦傳凱;論公海制度的演進(jìn)及趨勢[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2007年

本文編號：1724221