本文選題：出口補貼　切入點：禁止性補貼　出處：《復旦大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在WTO法律制度下,與對國內補貼的“寬容”態(tài)度不同,出口補貼從一開始就受到各締約方政府的限制或禁止,在《SCM協(xié)定》第三條更是直接將出口補貼放入了禁止性補貼的范疇。這種態(tài)度上的明顯差異不僅僅是因為出口補貼使出口產品獲得了一種在通常國際貿易環(huán)境下無法獲得的競爭優(yōu)勢,更重要的是這種本不應獲得的優(yōu)勢直接導致了不公平貿易,損害了進口方利益,是對自由貿易體制的扭曲。由于出口補貼在國際貿易中的消極作用,各締約方在加大對出口補貼國際規(guī)制的同時,又紛紛制定反補貼法以抵消外國出口補貼對其國內產業(yè)造成的不利影響。但是,這種國內反補貼法又常常演變?yōu)槭聦嵣系姆顷P稅壁壘,從而更加阻礙國際貿易的正常發(fā)展,并對世界自由貿易體制構成威脅。 正是基于此,世界貿易組織在其前身GATT成立之初就有關于出口補貼與反補貼問題的規(guī)定(GATT1947年第六條、第十六條),而且,這種對補貼規(guī)制的努力一直延續(xù)至今。在WTO制度框架下,許多制度如GATT、《補貼與反補貼措施協(xié)定》、《農產品協(xié)議》、《服務貿易總協(xié)定》和《政府采購協(xié)議》等都有關于補貼與反補貼規(guī)制的規(guī)定,但其中最全面也最重要的協(xié)議就是《補貼與反補貼措施協(xié)定》。該協(xié)議是WTO各成員方在烏拉圭回合談判中經過激烈爭論而取得的重大成果,該協(xié)議對補貼、出口補貼的定義更加明確,對出口補貼給予了更嚴厲的禁止；同時,規(guī)范了反補貼措施,在一定程度上防止了反補貼措施的濫用,使得WTO成立后有關補貼的案件大為減少,可以說該協(xié)定是整個WTO補貼制度的核心。所以,本文對WTO規(guī)制下的出口補貼的研究,也主要圍繞著該協(xié)定展開。 本文除了引言和結論之外,共分為四章： 第一章：本部分主要從歷史的角度對WTO有關補貼與反補貼制度予以梳理,并重點分析((SCM協(xié)定》有關補貼的規(guī)定。 第二章：本部分主要研究WTO中有關禁止性出口補貼的構成要素,并在此基礎上對《SCM協(xié)定》附件所列出口補貼清單予以分析。 第三章：本部分主要對與禁止性出口補貼有關的WTO案例予以梳理,并在結合案例的基礎上對與構成禁止性出口補貼有關的問題做進一步分析。 第四章：本部分從WTO規(guī)制和實踐角度分析中國在補貼問題上面臨的形勢,并針對我國出口補貼政策存在的問題提出自己的思考與對策。
[Abstract]:Under the legal system of WTO, export subsidies are restricted or prohibited by the governments of all parties from the beginning, which is different from the "tolerance" attitude towards domestic subsidies. In Article III of the "SCM Agreement", export subsidies are put directly into the category of prohibited subsidies.The apparent difference in attitudes is not only that export subsidies give export products a competitive advantage that is not available in the usual international trading environment, but more importantly that this undesirable advantage directly leads to unfair trade.It harms the interests of importers and distorts the free trade system.Due to the negative role of export subsidies in international trade, the parties have made countervailing laws to offset the adverse effects of foreign export subsidies on their domestic industries while increasing the international regulation of export subsidies.However, this domestic countervailing law has often evolved into a de facto non-tariff barrier, which further hinders the normal development of international trade and poses a threat to the free trade system in the world.Because of this, the WTO had regulations on export subsidies and countervailing issues at the beginning of its predecessor, GATT, and Article VI and Article XVI of GATT 1947. Moreover, the efforts of this kind of regulation on subsidies have been continued up to now.Under the framework of WTO, many systems, such as GATT, Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures, Agreement on Agricultural products, General Agreement on Trade in Services and Agreement on Government Procurement, have regulations on subsidies and countervailing measures.But the most comprehensive and important agreement is the Agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures.The agreement is a major result of fierce debate among the members of the WTO in the Uruguay Round, which defines subsidies and export subsidies more clearly and imposes tougher prohibitions on export subsidies.The regulation of countervailing measures prevents the abuse of countervailing measures to a certain extent and reduces the cases of subsidies after the establishment of WTO. It can be said that the agreement is the core of the whole WTO subsidy system.Therefore, the study of export subsidies under WTO regulations is mainly focused on the agreement.In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into four chapters:Chapter one: this part mainly combs the subsidy and countervailing system of WTO from the angle of history, and analyzes the stipulation of WTO Agreement on subsidy.Chapter two: this part mainly studies the components of prohibited export subsidies in WTO and analyzes the list of export subsidies listed in the Annex of the SCM Agreement on this basis.Chapter three: this part mainly combs the WTO cases related to prohibited export subsidies, and makes further analysis on the problems related to the constitution of prohibited export subsidies on the basis of combining cases.Chapter four: this part analyzes the situation that China faces in the issue of subsidy from the angle of WTO regulation and practice, and puts forward its own thinking and countermeasures in view of the problems existing in China's export subsidy policy.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D996.1

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 劉亮;多哈回合反補貼規(guī)則研究[D];遼寧大學;2013年

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本文編號：1702903