本文選題：核能安全營運　切入點：核安全法律制度　出處：《南昌大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今國際社會面臨著比較嚴(yán)峻的能源危機(按照世界現(xiàn)今探明的能源儲量和消耗速度,全球化石能源的枯竭不可避免)與環(huán)境危機,核能的和平利用有著巨大的發(fā)展空間,很多國家都在積極地開發(fā)和利用核能,旨在提高其在本國能源結(jié)構(gòu)之中的地位。核能將成為緩解人類能源危機的主要路徑之一。與石油、天然氣、煤炭等能源相比,核能具有清潔、高效、環(huán)保(資源豐富、不排放溫室氣體)等顯著優(yōu)勢,但也存在著產(chǎn)生高放射性廢物的劣勢,一旦發(fā)生事故可能對人類生命、財產(chǎn)及環(huán)境產(chǎn)生極大危害。因此,保障核能安全營運就成為了發(fā)展核能所必須考慮的首要課題。本文將從國際法的視角,認真分析、探討、總結(jié)核能安全營運的主要國際法基本原則:核能主權(quán)與不損害國外環(huán)境原則、核能營運安全至上原則(預(yù)防性原則和保護性原則)、核能可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則以及核事故責(zé)任承擔(dān)原則等,結(jié)合現(xiàn)行具體的相關(guān)國際法律制度(以放射性物質(zhì)管理、核事故、核廢料越境轉(zhuǎn)移等方面的國際法律制度為例)、國際組織的相關(guān)情況,明確其在促進核能安全營運過程中的表現(xiàn)的不足(法律規(guī)定不完善性、較弱的強制性、缺乏監(jiān)督實施力度、國際原子能機構(gòu)本身存在不足、國際社會合作不充分等),提出自己的理解和想法。最后,結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)行核能安全營運法律制度的現(xiàn)狀,進行分析評價,并提出相應(yīng)的筆者建議(如健全我國核能安全營運法律體系,明確相關(guān)部門的監(jiān)督管理職責(zé),完善核損害賠償制度以及設(shè)立公眾介入制度等),以期在核能安全營運法律制度完善的過程中,起到拋磚引玉之微用。
[Abstract]:At present, the international community is facing a severe energy crisis (according to the world's proven energy reserves and consumption rate, the depletion of global fossil energy is inevitable) and the environmental crisis, the peaceful use of nuclear energy has a huge space for development. Many countries are actively developing and using nuclear energy to enhance their position in their energy mix. Nuclear energy will become one of the main ways to alleviate the human energy crisis. Compared with oil, natural gas, coal and other energy sources, Nuclear energy has significant advantages such as cleanliness, efficiency, environmental protection (rich in resources, non-emission of greenhouse gases), but it also has the disadvantage of producing highly radioactive waste, which could be harmful to human life in the event of an accident. Therefore, safeguarding the safe operation of nuclear energy has become the most important issue to be considered in the development of nuclear energy. This paper will carefully analyze and explore from the perspective of international law. Summing up the main fundamental principles of international law for the safe operation of nuclear energy: the sovereignty of nuclear energy and the principle of not harming the environment abroad, The principle of safety supremacy in nuclear energy operation (precautionary and protective principles, the principle of sustainable development of nuclear energy and the principle of liability for nuclear accidents, etc.), in conjunction with the relevant existing international legal regimes (radioactive material management, nuclear accidents, etc.), The international legal regime on transboundary movement of nuclear waste, for example, the relevant situation of international organizations, to clarify their shortcomings in promoting the safe operation of nuclear energy (imperfect legal provisions, weak enforcement, lack of supervision and enforcement, The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has its own shortcomings and insufficient international cooperation, and has put forward its own understanding and ideas. Finally, considering the current situation of the current legal regime for the safe operation of nuclear energy in China, it carries out an analysis and evaluation. The author also puts forward the corresponding suggestions (such as perfecting the legal system of nuclear energy safety operation in our country, clarifying the supervision and management responsibilities of the relevant departments, To perfect the system of compensation for nuclear damage and to set up the system of public intervention in order to play a small role in the process of perfecting the legal system of the safe operation of nuclear energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D996.9

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本文編號：1686084