本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的國(guó)際法保護(hù)　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的國(guó)際軟法保護(hù)　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：全球重要農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)(GIAHS)是由聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織(FAO)、全球環(huán)境基金(GEF)、聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織等十余家機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)起設(shè)立,旨在保護(hù)世界各地以多樣化的資源為基礎(chǔ),由因地制宜的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐形成的獨(dú)具特色的農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)和景觀。農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)在概念上等同于世界遺產(chǎn)的概念。它是一個(gè)平衡的社會(huì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng),是動(dòng)態(tài)的系統(tǒng),是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的系統(tǒng)。 目前支持農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的法律是零散的。在國(guó)際法層面上,主要是《聯(lián)合國(guó)生物多樣性公約》(CBD)、《聯(lián)合國(guó)防止沙漠化公約》(CCD)、《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架協(xié)議》(FCCC),以及《糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)植物遺傳資源國(guó)際條約》(ITPGR)、《土著和部落人民公約》(ILO No. 169)、《國(guó)際濕地公約》(Ramsar Convention)、《世界遺產(chǎn)公約》(WHC)和《華盛頓公約》(CITES)。支持農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的國(guó)際宣言和決議主要是《2l世紀(jì)議程》、《關(guān)于森林問題的原則聲明》、《約翰內(nèi)斯堡可持續(xù)發(fā)展宣言》、《聯(lián)合國(guó)土著人民權(quán)利宣言》、《聯(lián)合國(guó)千年宣言》等。以菲律賓為例,在國(guó)內(nèi)法中對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)主要表現(xiàn)在地區(qū)和土著社區(qū)的自治權(quán),以及對(duì)森林和清潔空氣的保護(hù)上。 中國(guó)在保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)方面除了遵守上述的國(guó)際公約外,主要表現(xiàn)在通過對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的自治權(quán)力的確認(rèn)、對(duì)環(huán)境資源的保護(hù)、對(duì)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)法律,建立了一個(gè)大的保護(hù)框架,同時(shí)通過地方立法的形式保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),如坎兒井的保護(hù)。但是中國(guó)目前保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的法律機(jī)制存在一些問題:對(duì)國(guó)際公約的履行中忽視了對(duì)本國(guó)利益特別是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的保護(hù);缺乏專門針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)遺產(chǎn)維持、保護(hù)和利用的法律;缺乏對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)文化的保護(hù);缺少對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)法律的整理、歸檔。總之,中國(guó)保護(hù)農(nóng)業(yè)文化遺產(chǎn)的法律缺乏統(tǒng)一、全面的體系建構(gòu),需要在立法體系中加強(qiáng)對(duì)其關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:GIAHS, a globally important agricultural cultural heritage, was initiated by more than a dozen agencies, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to protect diverse resources around the world. Agricultural cultural heritage is conceptually equivalent to the concept of world heritage. It is a balanced social ecosystem and a dynamic system. It is a system of sustainable development. The current laws supporting the protection of agricultural cultural heritage are fragmented. In the context of international law, The main ones are the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the United Nations Framework Agreement on Climate change (UNFCCC), and the International Treaty on Plant genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRN), the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples' Convention (IPRO) No. 169N, the United Nations Framework Agreement on Climate change (UNFCCC), and the International Treaty on Plant genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRN). International Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, World Heritage Convention (WHCC) and the Washington Convention (Washington Convention). International declarations and resolutions in support of the protection of agricultural cultural heritage are mainly agenda 21, statement of principles on forests, Johannesburg Sustainable Development. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the United Nations Millennium Declaration, and so on. Take the Philippines as an example. The protection of agricultural cultural heritage in domestic law is mainly manifested in the autonomy of regional and indigenous communities, as well as in the protection of forests and clean air. Apart from complying with the above-mentioned international conventions, China's protection of agricultural cultural heritage is mainly manifested in the recognition of the autonomy of local communities, the protection of environmental resources, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage. A broad protection framework has been established, while the agricultural cultural heritage system has been protected in the form of local legislation, However, there are some problems in China's current legal mechanism for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage: the protection of national interests, especially traditional communities, has been neglected in the implementation of international conventions; and the lack of a special focus on the maintenance of agricultural heritage, Protection and utilization of laws; lack of protection of agricultural culture; lack of collation and archiving of laws on agricultural cultural heritage; in short, lack of a unified and comprehensive system of laws for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage in China, More attention needs to be paid to it in the legislative system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G122;D997.1

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