公司強(qiáng)制清算程序研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 15:25
【摘要】：公司清算制度既是一個完備的公司法律制度中不可或缺的重要內(nèi)容，同時也是公司按照一定的法律程序，合法理性地退出競爭市場，維護(hù)市場安全，保護(hù)股東、債權(quán)人及利害關(guān)系人的合法權(quán)益的重要法律保障。依據(jù)我國公司清算的法律淵源，公司清算類型可分為破產(chǎn)清算與解散清算，解散清算又可分為自行清算與強(qiáng)制清算。公司強(qiáng)制清算主要是指在公司自行清算無法啟動或者遇到障礙時，通過公權(quán)力的介入而開始的一種解散清算。強(qiáng)制清算程序是一種民事特別程序，性質(zhì)上屬于非訴程序。依照我國現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定，強(qiáng)制清算案件統(tǒng)一由人民法院主管。 我國有關(guān)公司強(qiáng)制清算程序的立法，除公司法外，分散在不同司法解釋、會議紀(jì)要、法律指導(dǎo)意見之中，缺乏良好的統(tǒng)一性、系統(tǒng)性。在強(qiáng)制清算制度及程序的研究上，不少學(xué)者以公司清算中債權(quán)人利益保護(hù)為中心角度進(jìn)行相關(guān)理論研究，取得了一些研究成果。但是從公司法理論基礎(chǔ)、清算價值理論分析入手，以強(qiáng)制清算程序?yàn)橹骶�，對股東利益保護(hù)的系統(tǒng)研究仍非常缺乏。鑒于前述的主題與研究中心，本文貫穿兩條主線：一條主線是按照我國現(xiàn)行法律梳理公司強(qiáng)制清算的程序，以公平、利益、效率等價值理念來檢視我國強(qiáng)制清算程序立法的不足，，并試圖提出完善建議；第二條主線是以股東利益保護(hù)為中心，探索在公司強(qiáng)制清算程序中全面而系統(tǒng)地保護(hù)股東利益的方式。 本文共分四個部分。第一部分從公司強(qiáng)制清算的啟動程序展開討論。首先，筆者介紹了強(qiáng)制清算的三種啟動事由，包括三種：1、公司解散逾期不成立清算組進(jìn)行清算的；2、雖然成立清算組但故意拖延清算的；3、違法清算可能嚴(yán)重?fù)p害債權(quán)人或者股東利益的。其次，筆者逐一分析了公司強(qiáng)制清算的申請程序、主管與管轄，以及審查與受理程序，并提出完善建議。其中，公司強(qiáng)制清算審查包括了書面審查和聽證會審查。 第二部分對強(qiáng)制清算中的通知與公告程序進(jìn)行研究和探討，主要內(nèi)容包括1、闡述了通知與公告?zhèn)鶛?quán)人的法律規(guī)定、媒體公告的范圍和級別等；2、提出了增加清算組在清算各重要環(huán)節(jié)通知股東的建議，以便維護(hù)股東知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督清算組等的合法權(quán)益；3、介紹了強(qiáng)制清算程序中法院通知和公告的情形。 第三部分主要探討公司強(qiáng)制清算的清算程序。從人民法院指定的清算組成立伊始，自公司財(cái)產(chǎn)清理、通知和公告?zhèn)鶛?quán)人、債權(quán)申報(bào)和確認(rèn)、清算方案的制定與確認(rèn)、清算分配、清算報(bào)告的制作與確認(rèn)，每個步驟環(huán)環(huán)相扣、依次銜接，不可任意跨越和逆轉(zhuǎn)。股東是公司的最終所有人，在公司清算期間享有剩余資產(chǎn)分配權(quán)，因此，筆者建議在公司強(qiáng)制清算中充分考慮保護(hù)股東知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)等合法權(quán)益，并體現(xiàn)于強(qiáng)制清算程序各個環(huán)節(jié)的立法設(shè)計(jì)中。 第四部分重點(diǎn)總結(jié)、歸納了目前我國強(qiáng)制清算的四種終結(jié)方式：一是完成強(qiáng)制清算程序的終結(jié)；二是撤回強(qiáng)制清算申請的終結(jié)；三是強(qiáng)制清算程序轉(zhuǎn)入破產(chǎn)清算；四是無法清算或者無法全面清算為由終結(jié)強(qiáng)制清算程序。筆者在該章節(jié)還闡述了強(qiáng)制清算報(bào)告的制作和確認(rèn)，以及強(qiáng)制清算注銷登記的實(shí)踐情形。
[Abstract]:Company liquidation system is not only an indispensable part of a complete company legal system, but also an important legal guarantee for the company to withdraw from the competitive market legally and rationally according to certain legal procedures, safeguard market security, protect the legitimate rights and interests of shareholders, creditors and stakeholders. Compulsory liquidation mainly refers to a kind of dissolution liquidation which begins with the intervention of public power when the company can not start its own liquidation or encounters obstacles. Compulsory liquidation is a special civil procedure. According to the current law of our country, compulsory liquidation cases are uniformly in the charge of the people's court.
The legislation of compulsory liquidation in our country is scattered among different judicial interpretations, meeting summaries and legal guidance except company law. In view of the above-mentioned subject and research center, this article runs through two main lines: one is to sort out the compulsory liquidation according to the current law of our country. The second main line is to explore a comprehensive and systematic way to protect the interests of shareholders in the compulsory liquidation process.
The first part discusses the starting procedure of compulsory liquidation. Firstly, the author introduces three starting reasons of compulsory liquidation, including three kinds: 1. liquidation of overdue liquidation group; 2. deliberately delaying liquidation despite the establishment of liquidation group; 3. illegal liquidation may seriously damage debt. Secondly, the author analyzes the procedures of application, supervision and administration, examination and acceptance of compulsory liquidation one by one, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.
The second part studies and discusses the notification and announcement procedure in compulsory liquidation. The main contents include: 1. It expounds the legal provisions of notification and announcement creditors, the scope and level of media announcement; 2. It puts forward the suggestion of increasing the liquidation group to notify shareholders in all important aspects of liquidation so as to safeguard the shareholders'right to know, to participate in and to supervise. The legitimate rights and interests of the liquidation group; 3, introduces the situation of the notification and announcement of the court in the compulsory liquidation procedure.
The third part mainly discusses the liquidation procedure of the company compulsory liquidation.From the beginning of the establishment of the liquidation composition designated by the people's court, from the liquidation of the company's property, notification and announcement of creditors, declaration and confirmation of creditors'rights, the formulation and confirmation of liquidation scheme, liquidation distribution, the production and confirmation of liquidation report, each step is interlinked and connected in turn, and can not be arbitrary. The shareholder is the ultimate owner of the company and enjoys the right to distribute surplus assets during the company's liquidation. Therefore, the author suggests that the legitimate rights and interests of the shareholder, such as the right to know, the right to participate, the right to supervise, should be fully considered in the compulsory liquidation of the company, and should be embodied in the legislative design of all aspects of the compulsory liquidation procedure.
The fourth part summarizes four kinds of termination methods of compulsory liquidation in our country: first, completing the termination of compulsory liquidation procedure; second, withdrawing the termination of compulsory liquidation application; third, transferring compulsory liquidation procedure to bankruptcy liquidation; fourth, terminating compulsory liquidation procedure on the grounds of unable to liquidate or unable to fully liquidate. The section also expounds the production and confirmation of compulsory liquidation reports, and the practice of compulsory liquidation and cancellation registration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.291.91
本文編號：2246333
[Abstract]:Company liquidation system is not only an indispensable part of a complete company legal system, but also an important legal guarantee for the company to withdraw from the competitive market legally and rationally according to certain legal procedures, safeguard market security, protect the legitimate rights and interests of shareholders, creditors and stakeholders. Compulsory liquidation mainly refers to a kind of dissolution liquidation which begins with the intervention of public power when the company can not start its own liquidation or encounters obstacles. Compulsory liquidation is a special civil procedure. According to the current law of our country, compulsory liquidation cases are uniformly in the charge of the people's court.
The legislation of compulsory liquidation in our country is scattered among different judicial interpretations, meeting summaries and legal guidance except company law. In view of the above-mentioned subject and research center, this article runs through two main lines: one is to sort out the compulsory liquidation according to the current law of our country. The second main line is to explore a comprehensive and systematic way to protect the interests of shareholders in the compulsory liquidation process.
The first part discusses the starting procedure of compulsory liquidation. Firstly, the author introduces three starting reasons of compulsory liquidation, including three kinds: 1. liquidation of overdue liquidation group; 2. deliberately delaying liquidation despite the establishment of liquidation group; 3. illegal liquidation may seriously damage debt. Secondly, the author analyzes the procedures of application, supervision and administration, examination and acceptance of compulsory liquidation one by one, and puts forward suggestions for improvement.
The second part studies and discusses the notification and announcement procedure in compulsory liquidation. The main contents include: 1. It expounds the legal provisions of notification and announcement creditors, the scope and level of media announcement; 2. It puts forward the suggestion of increasing the liquidation group to notify shareholders in all important aspects of liquidation so as to safeguard the shareholders'right to know, to participate in and to supervise. The legitimate rights and interests of the liquidation group; 3, introduces the situation of the notification and announcement of the court in the compulsory liquidation procedure.
The third part mainly discusses the liquidation procedure of the company compulsory liquidation.From the beginning of the establishment of the liquidation composition designated by the people's court, from the liquidation of the company's property, notification and announcement of creditors, declaration and confirmation of creditors'rights, the formulation and confirmation of liquidation scheme, liquidation distribution, the production and confirmation of liquidation report, each step is interlinked and connected in turn, and can not be arbitrary. The shareholder is the ultimate owner of the company and enjoys the right to distribute surplus assets during the company's liquidation. Therefore, the author suggests that the legitimate rights and interests of the shareholder, such as the right to know, the right to participate, the right to supervise, should be fully considered in the compulsory liquidation of the company, and should be embodied in the legislative design of all aspects of the compulsory liquidation procedure.
The fourth part summarizes four kinds of termination methods of compulsory liquidation in our country: first, completing the termination of compulsory liquidation procedure; second, withdrawing the termination of compulsory liquidation application; third, transferring compulsory liquidation procedure to bankruptcy liquidation; fourth, terminating compulsory liquidation procedure on the grounds of unable to liquidate or unable to fully liquidate. The section also expounds the production and confirmation of compulsory liquidation reports, and the practice of compulsory liquidation and cancellation registration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.291.91
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本文編號：2246333
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