本文選題：公司 + 人格否認��； 參考：《安徽大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：公司制度的確立推動了經濟的迅猛發(fā)展,公司制度的經濟法律功能及在現(xiàn)實生活中的作用促進了公司的大量出現(xiàn)。在支撐現(xiàn)代市場經濟的法律制度中,公司法人制度無疑是中流砥柱,公司法人制度的三大支柱:公司的財產與股東財產相分離、公司具有獨立的人格和股東承擔有限責任,有力地促進了交易富有效率的進行和產權流轉的增值。但是公司法人人格獨立和股東有限責任原則作為公司法人人格制度的兩大基石,在公司法中起著“雙刃劍”作用。人們在充分追求經濟價值的同時,在產權流轉過程中,公平、正義等倫理價值被不同程度地受到忽視。 傳統(tǒng)的公司法在突出對股東的有限保護時,忽略了對債權人的保護,大股東把持董事會,為董事濫用公司的法人人格提供了機會。規(guī)避法律、契約義務等現(xiàn)象隨之出現(xiàn),尤其在市場經濟不完善的國家或地區(qū)居多,由于追求資本積累的愿望強烈,市場交易規(guī)則不完善,市場信用高度缺乏,導致市場交易主體鋌而走險,濫用公司人格,公司法人人格時刻存在著變異的動因。為了防止公司法人人格的濫用造成混亂,保護債權人和小股東以及社會公共利益,確保交易的順利進行,在不撤銷公司的情況下,法院為了弄清公司在法律后面的現(xiàn)實,把公司的獨立人格丟在一邊,要求背后的股東對債權人負直接責任,這就是公司法人人格之否認。這種理論在英美法中稱“揭開公司面紗”,在大陸法中稱“直索”責任,三詞在本文中為同義語。 在正常情況下,公司的財產獨立、責任獨立,而且財產獨立是責任獨立的前提和基礎,公司通過這層“面紗”保護股東免受債權人追索。但為避免股東濫用公司形態(tài)以逃避法律或契約義務,當公司資本不足及股東對公司進行非法或過度控制時,“揭開公司的面紗”直接向公司股東追索是必要的。這一做法不必導致公司破產,公司的破產是公司法人人格的終止,公司法人人格否認只是于一時一事無視公司與股東的獨立人格,揭開公司面紗,讓公司背后的股東站到前臺,直接承擔連帶清償責任,案件審理完畢,經過整頓,公司人格尚存。不僅保障了交易,而且大大降低了社會成本,是一種用權力救濟權力,是對失
[Abstract]:The establishment of the company system has promoted the rapid development of the economy, the economic and legal functions of the company system and its role in real life have promoted the emergence of a large number of companies. In the legal system supporting the modern market economy, the corporate system is undoubtedly the mainstay, the three pillars of the corporate system: the company's property is separated from the shareholder's property, the company has an independent personality and the shareholders bear limited liability. It can promote the efficiency of transaction and the value of property right circulation. However, the principle of corporate personality independence and shareholder limited liability, as two cornerstones of corporate personality system, play a "double-edged sword" role in company law. While people are fully pursuing economic value, in the process of property right circulation, the ethical values such as fairness and justice are ignored to some extent. Ignoring the protection of creditors, the majority shareholder controls the board of directors, which provides the opportunity for directors to abuse the corporate personality of the company. The phenomena of circumvention of law and contractual obligation appear, especially in the countries or regions where the market economy is not perfect, because of the strong desire to pursue capital accumulation, the imperfect rules of market transaction, and the high lack of market credit. As a result, the main body of market trade takes the risk, abuses the corporate personality, and the personality of the corporate exists the cause of variation at all times. In order to prevent the abuse of corporate personality from causing confusion, to protect creditors and minority shareholders and the public interest, and to ensure the smooth conduct of the transaction, the court, without revoking the company, sought to ascertain the reality of the company behind the law, It is the denial of corporate personality that the independent personality of the company is left aside and the shareholders behind are held directly responsible to the creditors. This theory is referred to as "lifting the veil of company" in British and American law, and "straight claim" in civil law. In this article, the three words are synonymous. Under normal circumstances, the company's property is independent and its responsibility is independent. And property independence is the premise and foundation of liability independence, through which companies protect shareholders from creditor claims. However, in order to avoid the shareholders abusing the corporate form to avoid the legal or contractual obligations, it is necessary to "uncover the veil of the company" directly from the shareholders when the company has insufficient capital and the shareholders illegally or excessively control the company. This practice does not have to lead to the bankruptcy of the company. The bankruptcy of the company is the end of the corporate personality. The denial of corporate personality is just a matter of a moment, ignoring the independent personality of the company and the shareholders, lifting the veil of the company, and allowing the shareholders behind the company to stand in the foreground. Bear joint and several liabilities directly, the case is completed, after rectification, the company's personality remains. It not only guarantees the transaction, but also greatly reduces the social cost. It is a kind of power relief, which is the right to lose.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D922.291.91

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 張鋇;全資子公司的人格否認制度研究[D];浙江大學;2012年

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本文編號：1987588