本文選題：專利權(quán) + 專利權(quán)出資��； 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在過去的一年里,我國專利行政部門受理的境內(nèi)專利申請(qǐng)達(dá)到了108.4萬件,這其中發(fā)明專利申請(qǐng)的受理量達(dá)到了28.1萬件,分別同比增長了26.9%和29%；專利行政部門共授予專利權(quán)81.5萬件,其中境內(nèi)授權(quán)71.9萬件,增長48.8%,占總量的比例達(dá)到了88.3%；授予境內(nèi)發(fā)明專利7.4萬件,比上年增長26.2%。①在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的市場(chǎng)背景條件下,衡量一個(gè)國家的競(jìng)爭力的大小不僅僅取決于自然資源、資本這些生產(chǎn)要素的多寡,更為重要的是科學(xué)技術(shù)的是否發(fā)達(dá),對(duì)于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的是否依法保護(hù),知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的資本化道路是否順暢。專利權(quán)作為重要的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)類型,專利權(quán)的資本化的途徑之一就是利用專利權(quán)出資。隨著我國授予境內(nèi)專利量的快速增長,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家的戰(zhàn)略的提出,專利技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)有效的生產(chǎn)力就會(huì)顯得尤為急迫,我們的企業(yè)在參與全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭的舞臺(tái)中才能脫穎而出。 專利權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)主要的無形資產(chǎn),在公司的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營中發(fā)揮著日趨強(qiáng)大的作用,尤其是在新型的高科技公司中。我國的《公司法》、《中外合資企業(yè)法》、《中外合作企業(yè)法》②、《公司登記管理辦法》以及《關(guān)于高新技術(shù)成果出資的有關(guān)規(guī)定》等相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)已經(jīng)將專利權(quán)出資作為一種重要的法定出資形式。專利權(quán)能否順利的出資,專利技術(shù)是否能切實(shí)有效地轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力。這其中,建立起完善的專利權(quán)出資制度模式就顯得尤為關(guān)鍵。而我國目前的相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)對(duì)于專利權(quán)出資的主體、專利權(quán)出資的客體、專利權(quán)的價(jià)值評(píng)估、出資比例以及中介機(jī)構(gòu)的法律責(zé)任等以包含于現(xiàn)物出資范疇內(nèi)作了一些籠統(tǒng)的規(guī)定。毋庸置疑,這些遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能保障專利權(quán)的順利有效的出資,迫切需要有更明確具體的相關(guān)制度規(guī)定。 公司的出資基本上是分為兩類,一類是貨幣出資,另一類就是非貨幣出資(也就是現(xiàn)物出資)。當(dāng)然,貨幣由于是天然的價(jià)值的表現(xiàn)形式、交易符號(hào),是一般等價(jià)物。所以在下,過去很長一段時(shí)間貨幣出資占據(jù)主導(dǎo)的比例。如在我國1993年的《公司法》中,其中規(guī)定的實(shí)物、工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)、非專利技術(shù)等非貨幣的出資比例是不得高于20%。但是,隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,公司的出資不再是拘泥于貨幣,而非貨幣的出資比例的提高即是2005年的《公司法》一個(gè)亮點(diǎn),在現(xiàn)實(shí)中,非貨幣出資尤其是專利權(quán)的出資的比例的增多亦是日益普遍。但是在專利權(quán)出資方面,我國的立法目前其實(shí)顯得相對(duì)保守,對(duì)于專利權(quán)出資的主體、客體、公示方法、評(píng)估作價(jià)以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等方面未作明確的規(guī)定。專利權(quán)是一項(xiàng)由公權(quán)力賦予的一定期限的壟斷性的私法權(quán)利,其無形性、地域性、不確定性、時(shí)間性、專業(yè)性等特征與其他的非貨幣實(shí)物截然不同。同時(shí)專利權(quán)的保護(hù)主題也分為發(fā)明、實(shí)用新型、外觀設(shè)計(jì)三種,這三種主題也是各有差別。盡管,專利權(quán)作為一個(gè)整體的權(quán)利,作為出資在立法上是有明確的規(guī)定,但是對(duì)于專利的申請(qǐng)權(quán)、專利的實(shí)施權(quán)能否出資這個(gè)問題在學(xué)界爭議極大。專利權(quán)不同于普通的物的所有權(quán)、土地所有權(quán)等一些民事的權(quán)利,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性也是不易衡量,專業(yè)性較強(qiáng),研究的方法獨(dú)特。專利權(quán)作為最重要的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),其出資的法律問題研究與探討具有現(xiàn)實(shí)性和迫切性。另一方面,我國建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型的國家戰(zhàn)略的提出,高新技術(shù)的專利成果的孵化,更是需要我們的相關(guān)的法律制度的規(guī)范來引導(dǎo),使貨幣資本與專利技術(shù)的有效結(jié)合,從而使專利資本化的道路更加暢通,具有顯而易見的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文筆者運(yùn)用比較研究法、經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法、歷史研究法以及定性分析法等研究方法,緊扣我國現(xiàn)行的有關(guān)立法,結(jié)合公司資本制度的基本原理與專利權(quán)法的基本原理,汲取國外的立法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)于有關(guān)專利權(quán)出資的若干問題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)之上,提出若干的立法建議。本文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面來對(duì)專利權(quán)出資問題進(jìn)行探討：一是論述了專利權(quán)出資在公司出資中的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,對(duì)專利權(quán)出資的一些理論概念問題做了基本的解釋。二是對(duì)于外國立法的比較,主要分析的是德國、法國、日本、美國這幾個(gè)國家的相關(guān)立法以及與我國立法的對(duì)比。三是有關(guān)于專利權(quán)出資的實(shí)體性問題進(jìn)行了討論,對(duì)于專利權(quán)出資的主體和客體的問題進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,明確了專利權(quán)出資的主體以及闡述了專利權(quán)出資的客體的問題,對(duì)于專利使用權(quán)的出資給予了的肯定,而對(duì)于專利申請(qǐng)權(quán)的出資則予以否定。另外,在實(shí)體法方面還重點(diǎn)論述了專利權(quán)出資的比例以及專利權(quán)出資的法律責(zé)任、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)方面的問題,并提出了筆者自己的幾點(diǎn)看法。四是對(duì)于我國專利權(quán)出資的程序法與實(shí)體法的若干問題提出自己的若干想法,主要對(duì)于專利權(quán)的專利權(quán)公示、價(jià)值評(píng)估、審查制度等一系列問題的可行性、方法及實(shí)施措施展開討論,結(jié)合我國目前的立法,提出必要的專利權(quán)出資制度的修改和完善的建議。筆者認(rèn)為,我國的專利權(quán)的出資比例問題在特殊的條件下是可以突破的,尤其對(duì)于具有高新技術(shù)成果特征的專利技術(shù)的出資,其市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的巨大潛力,對(duì)于貨幣資本的需求不大,對(duì)于技術(shù)成果的要求較高等等這些情況。在專利權(quán)的公示方面,明確專利權(quán)必須公示,并規(guī)定必須公示的具體事項(xiàng)。在專利權(quán)的出資特別審查制度方面,應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)第三人對(duì)于出資的實(shí)質(zhì)性和可靠性的特別審查。另外,在價(jià)值評(píng)估方面和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任方面,明確各方的責(zé)任,制定細(xì)致的規(guī)范,從而更好地為專利權(quán)的出資服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:In the past year, the patent application of the patent administrative department of China has reached 1 million 84 thousand patent applications, in which the amount of patent applications has reached 281 thousand, respectively 26.9% and 29%, respectively. The Patent Administration Department granted a total of 815 thousand patents, including 719 thousand domestic authorization, up 48.8%, accounting for the proportion of the total amount. To 88.3%; to grant 74 thousand domestic inventions, an increase of 26.2%. over the previous year in the market background of economic globalization, the measure of the competitiveness of a country not only depends on the natural resources, the amount of the production factors of capital, the more important is the development of science and technology, and the law of intellectual property. Protection, whether the road of capitalization of intellectual property is smooth. As an important type of intellectual property right, patent right is one of the ways to capitalization of patent right. It is particularly urgent that our enterprises can stand out on the stage of participating in the global economic competition.
As a major intangible asset, patent rights play an increasingly powerful role in the production and operation of the company, especially in the new high-tech companies. China's "Company Law >", "Sino foreign joint venture law >", "Sino foreign cooperative enterprise law >", "company registration management method >" and "relevant provisions on the investment of high-tech achievements" The relevant laws and regulations have already made the patent capital contribution as an important legal capital contribution form. Whether the patent right can be funded smoothly and whether the patent technology can be effectively translated into realistic productivity. The subject of the capital contribution, the object of the patent capital contribution, the value evaluation of the patent right, the proportion of the capital contribution and the legal responsibility of the intermediaries are included in the scope of the current capital contribution, which can not guarantee the smooth and effective contribution of the patent right, and there is an urgent need for a more specific and specific system. Regulations.
The capital contribution of the company is basically divided into two categories, one is money capital contribution, the other is non monetary investment (that is, the current capital contribution). Of course, the currency is the natural value of the form, the trading symbol, is the general equivalent. So in the past, the past very long period of money capital contribution to occupy the dominant proportion. For example, in our country in 1993, "public" In judicature, the proportion of non currency investment stipulated in it, industrial property and non patent technology should not be higher than 20%., but with the development of the socialist market economy, the capital contribution of the company is no longer restricted to money, but the increase in the proportion of non currency is a bright spot of the 2005 "company law", in reality, non currency contribution. In particular, the increase in the proportion of capital contribution is increasing. However, in the aspect of patent investment, the legislation of our country is relatively conservative. There is no definite regulation on the subject, object, publicity method, evaluation price and risk of patent investment. Patent right is a certain period of time given by public power. The monopoly of private law rights, its intangible, regional, uncertain, timeliness, professional characteristics and other non currency objects are completely different. At the same time, the protection theme of patent rights is also divided into three types of invention, utility model, appearance design, and the three themes are different. There is a clear regulation in the legislation, but for the application right of the patent, it is very controversial in the academic circle whether the right of implementation of the patent can be invested. The patent right is different from the ordinary property ownership, the land ownership and other civil rights, its risk is also not easy to measure, the professionalism is strong, the research method is unique. Patent right is used as a special method. The most important intellectual property rights, the research and Discussion on the legal issues of its capital contribution are realistic and urgent. On the other hand, the proposal of our country's construction of innovative national strategy and the hatching of the patent results of high and new technology need to be guided by our relevant legal system, so as to effectively combine the monetary capital with the patent technology. And the way to capitalization of patents is more open, which has obvious practical significance.
In this paper, the author uses comparative research method, economic analysis method, historical research method and qualitative analysis method, closely links the current relevant legislation of our country, combines the basic principles of the company capital system and the basic principles of patent law, draws the experience of foreign legislative practice, and makes a systematic study on some problems concerning the investment of patent rights. Research and analysis, and on this basis, put forward a number of legislative proposals. This article mainly from the following aspects to discuss the problem of patent capital contribution: first, it discusses the practical significance of patent investment in the company capital contribution, and gives a basic explanation of some theoretical concepts of patent capital contribution. Two is the comparison of foreign legislation. The main analysis is the related legislation in Germany, France, Japan and the United States and the comparison with our country's legislation. Three, the substantive issues concerning patent capital contribution are discussed, the subject and object of patent capital contribution are contrasted and analyzed, the main body of patent capital contribution is clarified and the patent is expounded. The question of the object of the right capital contribution is affirmed for the investment of the patent right to use, and the contribution of the patent application right is denied. In addition, in the substantive law, the proportion of the capital contribution, the legal responsibility of the patent capital contribution, the risk bearing question, and the author's own views are put forward. The four is to put forward some ideas about the procedural law and substantive law of patent capital investment in China. It mainly discusses the feasibility, methods and implementation measures of a series of problems such as patent right public notice, value assessment, examination system and so on, and puts forward the necessary patent right investment system in combination with the legislation before our country's eyes. The author thinks that the proportion of capital investment in our country can be broken through under special conditions, especially for the investment of patent technology with the characteristics of high and new technology, the great potential of its market value, the lack of demand for monetary capital, the higher demand for technical achievements and so on. In the publicity of the patent right, it is clear that the patent right must be publicized and stipulates the specific items that must be publicized. In the special examination system of the patent right, the third party should strengthen the special examination of the substance and reliability of the capital contribution. In addition, in the value assessment and the risk liability, we should make clear the responsibilities of the parties and formulate the details. The norms, so as to better serve the patent contribution.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.291.91;D923.42

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