論陪審制的平民化及其對我國的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-17 08:59
【摘要】：陪審制度的雛形最早出現在古希臘和羅馬時代,經過了從證人角色到司法裁判者的嬗變,在英美法系國家發(fā)展興盛,同時被世界各國仿效移植。陪審制度是國家審判機關吸收普通民眾參與案件審判的一種司法制度,在不同的國家有不同的表現形式。在英美法系國家表現為陪審團陪審模式,在大陸法系國家表現為參審模式。我國的人民陪審制度屬于參審制,是在借鑒原蘇聯(lián)司法經驗的基礎上并結合我國具體司法實踐逐步形成的,在它存在的半個多世紀以來,彰顯出其自身的多種價值：維護人民主權、促進司法公正、保障司法獨立等。但同時由于人民陪審制度自身還存在一定的缺陷,在運行過程中出現“陪而不審”、“審而不議”等現象,陪審制度的功能被架空了。所以在理論界和實務界出現了陪審制度的存廢爭議。尤其是在全國人民代表大會通過并實施《關于完善人民陪審員制度的決定》之后,陪審制度再次成為大家關注的焦點之一,人民陪審制的存廢以及它的發(fā)展模式成為學界爭論的重點。 陪審制在古代奴隸制社會表現為陪審法庭,作為集體裁決模式反映了古代西方國家奴隸制民主制度的特點,隨后陪審制度主要服務于王室行政,經過亨利二世的改革,逐漸普遍應用于司法領域。陪審團的角色也由最初的證人角色逐漸過渡到司法裁判者,通過與王室權力的斗爭,由君主專制統(tǒng)治的工具轉變?yōu)榉磳ν鯔鄬Ｕ�、維護平民權益的堡壘,走向一個平民化的道路。本文從比較的角度闡述了陪審制度在英美法系和大陸法系的功能,揭示了從陪審員選任到陪審制具體運作所一直遵循的原則,即陪審制的平民化原則,以及這種普通民眾參與司法所具有的價值：平民化的民主價值,平民化的公正價值,平民化的自由價值。筆者主張,陪審制的平民化才是其制度本色,只有平民化的陪審員才能維護平民的利益。鑒于我國人民陪審制在選任方式以及運行過程中都存在著平民化的缺失,筆者從陪審員選任的平民化及陪審員參審的平民化角度提出了實現人民陪審制平民化的幾點設想建議,期望能夠推動司法體制的進一步完善。
[Abstract]:The embryonic form of jury system first appeared in ancient Greece and Rome, after the evolution from witness role to judicial judge, it developed and flourished in Anglo-American law countries, and was imitated and transplanted by countries all over the world. The jury system is a kind of judicial system in which the ordinary people are involved in the trial by the national judicial organs, which have different forms of expression in different countries. Jury system is the mode in Anglo-American law countries, and it is in civil law system. The system of people's jury in our country belongs to the system of trial participation. It has been gradually formed on the basis of drawing lessons from the judicial experience of the former Soviet Union and combining with the specific judicial practice of our country. It has existed for more than half a century. Show its own various values: to safeguard the sovereignty of the people, to promote judicial justice, to ensure judicial independence. But at the same time, because of the defects of the people's jury system itself, the function of the jury system has been set up because of the phenomenon of "accompanying without trial" and "not discussing" in the course of operation. Therefore, the jury system in the theoretical and practical circles of the existence and abolition of controversy. Especially after the National people's Congress adopted and implemented the decision on perfecting the people's jury system, the jury system has once again become one of the focuses of attention. The retention and abolition of the people's jury system and its development model have become the focus of the academic debate. Jury system in ancient slavery society as the jury court, as a collective adjudication model reflects the characteristics of the democratic system of slavery in ancient western countries, then the jury system mainly served the royal administration, after Henry II's reform. It is gradually applied to the judicial field. The role of the jury was also gradually transferred from the original witness role to the judicial adjudicator. Through the struggle against the royal power, the jury was transformed from an instrument of monarchy to a fortress against Wang Quan's dictatorship and safeguarding the rights and interests of the common people. On the path of popularisation. This paper expounds the function of jury system in Anglo-American law system and civil law system from the angle of comparison, and reveals the principle that the jury system has been following from the selection of jurors to the concrete operation of jury system, that is, the civilian principle of jury system. And this kind of ordinary people participation in justice has the value: the civilian democratic value, the civilian justice value, the civilian free value. The author argues that the civilian jury system is the essence of its system, only the civilian jurors can safeguard the interests of civilians. In view of the lack of popularization in the selection and operation of the people's jury system in our country, the author puts forward some tentative suggestions to realize the popularization of the people's jury system from the point of view of the civilian selection of jurors and the civilian participation of jurors. It is expected to promote the further improvement of the judicial system.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.2
本文編號：2409842
[Abstract]:The embryonic form of jury system first appeared in ancient Greece and Rome, after the evolution from witness role to judicial judge, it developed and flourished in Anglo-American law countries, and was imitated and transplanted by countries all over the world. The jury system is a kind of judicial system in which the ordinary people are involved in the trial by the national judicial organs, which have different forms of expression in different countries. Jury system is the mode in Anglo-American law countries, and it is in civil law system. The system of people's jury in our country belongs to the system of trial participation. It has been gradually formed on the basis of drawing lessons from the judicial experience of the former Soviet Union and combining with the specific judicial practice of our country. It has existed for more than half a century. Show its own various values: to safeguard the sovereignty of the people, to promote judicial justice, to ensure judicial independence. But at the same time, because of the defects of the people's jury system itself, the function of the jury system has been set up because of the phenomenon of "accompanying without trial" and "not discussing" in the course of operation. Therefore, the jury system in the theoretical and practical circles of the existence and abolition of controversy. Especially after the National people's Congress adopted and implemented the decision on perfecting the people's jury system, the jury system has once again become one of the focuses of attention. The retention and abolition of the people's jury system and its development model have become the focus of the academic debate. Jury system in ancient slavery society as the jury court, as a collective adjudication model reflects the characteristics of the democratic system of slavery in ancient western countries, then the jury system mainly served the royal administration, after Henry II's reform. It is gradually applied to the judicial field. The role of the jury was also gradually transferred from the original witness role to the judicial adjudicator. Through the struggle against the royal power, the jury was transformed from an instrument of monarchy to a fortress against Wang Quan's dictatorship and safeguarding the rights and interests of the common people. On the path of popularisation. This paper expounds the function of jury system in Anglo-American law system and civil law system from the angle of comparison, and reveals the principle that the jury system has been following from the selection of jurors to the concrete operation of jury system, that is, the civilian principle of jury system. And this kind of ordinary people participation in justice has the value: the civilian democratic value, the civilian justice value, the civilian free value. The author argues that the civilian jury system is the essence of its system, only the civilian jurors can safeguard the interests of civilians. In view of the lack of popularization in the selection and operation of the people's jury system in our country, the author puts forward some tentative suggestions to realize the popularization of the people's jury system from the point of view of the civilian selection of jurors and the civilian participation of jurors. It is expected to promote the further improvement of the judicial system.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D926.2
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