【摘要】：我國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)現(xiàn)行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制在一定的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi),曾對(duì)我國(guó)的法制建設(shè)發(fā)揮了重大作用；但是隨著社會(huì)的日益變化,這種外部受制于地方,內(nèi)部關(guān)系混亂的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制已經(jīng)暴露出許多嚴(yán)重的弊端。胡錦濤總書記在作十七大報(bào)告時(shí)明確指出要“深化司法體制改革,優(yōu)化司法職權(quán)配置,規(guī)范司法行為,建設(shè)公正高效權(quán)威的社會(huì)主義司法制度,保證審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)依法獨(dú)立公正地行使審判權(quán)、檢察權(quán)”。在這種背景下,筆者選擇來(lái)討論檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的問(wèn)題是有著現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的。 本文在結(jié)構(gòu)上共由四大部分組成。第一部分是關(guān)于檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的一般理論概述,首先對(duì)檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了界定,并進(jìn)一步從外部和內(nèi)部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制對(duì)檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行梳理。其次介紹了檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的主要類型,通過(guò)考察當(dāng)今世界各國(guó),分別舉例介紹了垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制、雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制、雙軌式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制并從內(nèi)部討論了一長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制和集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制。再次,由于我國(guó)檢察制度建立之初深受蘇聯(lián)的影響,所以在第一部分對(duì)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家(蘇聯(lián))領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的誕生進(jìn)行了描繪,最后,通過(guò)結(jié)合蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制對(duì)我國(guó)的影響,介紹了我國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的演變過(guò)程。第二部分介紹了俄羅斯聯(lián)邦現(xiàn)行的檢察領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。通過(guò)對(duì)俄羅斯聯(lián)邦現(xiàn)行檢察機(jī)關(guān)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的認(rèn)識(shí),以期望對(duì)改革我國(guó)現(xiàn)行檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制有所啟發(fā)。第三部分從內(nèi)外兩方面分別介紹了我國(guó)檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的內(nèi)容并對(duì)其進(jìn)行利弊分析,進(jìn)而分析改革我國(guó)現(xiàn)行檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制是大勢(shì)所趨。第四部分也就是本文的最后一部分,主要從三個(gè)方面對(duì)改革我國(guó)現(xiàn)行檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制提出構(gòu)想,然后考慮到改革的長(zhǎng)期性和復(fù)雜性,提出可以先在省級(jí)以下檢察機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)行垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo),作為在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)最終全面實(shí)行垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的過(guò)渡階段的建議。最后在結(jié)語(yǔ)部分,我們既看到改革檢察機(jī)關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的希望,同時(shí)也要明白這項(xiàng)改革不能一蹴而就,是需要一個(gè)過(guò)程的,它需要全國(guó)人民上下一心、同心協(xié)力、努力拼搏才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The current leading system of procuratorial organs in China has played an important role in the construction of the legal system in China during a certain historical period. However, with the increasing changes in society, this external system has been restricted by the local authorities. The chaotic internal relationship of the leadership system has exposed many serious drawbacks. In his report to the Seventeenth National Congress, General Secretary Hu Jintao clearly pointed out that he should "deepen the reform of the judicial system, optimize the allocation of judicial functions and powers, standardize judicial conduct, build a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system, and ensure the judicial organs." Procuratorial organs exercise judicial power and procuratorial power independently and impartially according to law. " In this context, the author chooses to discuss the procuratorial leadership system is of practical significance. The structure of this paper is composed of four parts. The first part is an overview of the general theory of the procuratorial organ leadership system. Firstly, it defines the connotation of the procuratorial organ leadership system, and further combs the connotation of the procuratorial organ leadership system from the external and internal leadership system. Secondly, this paper introduces the main types of the procuratorial organs' leading system, introduces the vertical leadership system, the dual leadership system and the two-track leadership system, and discusses the one-long responsibility system and the collective leadership system from the inside. Thirdly, because the procuratorial system of our country was deeply influenced by the Soviet Union at the beginning of its establishment, so in the first part, the birth of the leadership system of the socialist country (Soviet Union) was described. Finally, Combined with the influence of the procuratorial organ leadership system in the Soviet Union on our country, this paper introduces the evolution process of the procuratorial organ leadership system in our country. The second part introduces the current prosecutorial leadership system in the Russian Federation. Through the understanding of the leading system of the current procuratorial organs in the Russian Federation, it is expected that it will inspire the reform of the present leading system of the procuratorial organs in our country. The third part introduces the contents of the leading system of procuratorial organs in our country from both inside and outside, and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and then analyzes that it is the trend of the times to reform the current leading system of procuratorial organs in our country. The fourth part is the last part of this paper, mainly from three aspects to reform the current procuratorial organ leadership system, and then consider the long-term nature and complexity of the reform. The paper puts forward the suggestion that vertical leadership can be carried out in procuratorial organs below provincial level first, as the transitional stage of implementing vertical leadership in the whole country. Finally, in the conclusion, we not only see the hope of reforming the leading system of procuratorial organs, but also understand that this reform cannot be accomplished overnight, it needs a process, and it requires the people of the whole country to work together with one heart and one mind. It is only through hard work that we can achieve it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D926.3

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