論精英模式下的英國出庭律師
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 18:23
【摘要】：英國法律有兩千多年的發(fā)展歷程，形成了許多獨(dú)具特色的司法制度文明，二元分野的律師制度就是其中的一例。英國的律師分為事務(wù)律師和出庭律師，有時也稱為小律師和大律師，事務(wù)律師主要負(fù)責(zé)庭前準(zhǔn)備工作，出庭律師主要負(fù)責(zé)開庭答辯。近年來，二元律師有融合的趨勢，事務(wù)律師也能在低級法院出庭辯護(hù)，但是出庭律師的精英特質(zhì)以及出庭律師在英國司法界的低位使其不會輕易退出歷史舞臺。本文以出庭律師的精英特質(zhì)為角度，全面分析出庭律師的形成，接受的精英教育，職業(yè)特點(diǎn)，與英國上層的關(guān)系以及對英國法治進(jìn)程的影響。 本文除引言外，正文共分為五個部分： 首先，引言。引言部分介紹了該選題的理論意義、實(shí)踐價值和資料收集情況，接著介紹了國內(nèi)外對英國出庭律師研究現(xiàn)狀，并做了簡要概述，最后闡述了本文的研究思路和研究方法，并分析了寫作中遇到的困難以及本文的研究重點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新之處。 正文第一部分，英國律師制度基本介紹。介紹了英國律師制度的形成與發(fā)展趨勢，英國出庭律師形成的原因。出庭律師產(chǎn)生的傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代因素。傳統(tǒng)因素中包含古希臘“雄辯術(shù)”的影響和日耳曼法注重形式的后世延伸，現(xiàn)代司法文明對抗制訴訟程序強(qiáng)調(diào)辯論技藝，以及保證獨(dú)立辯護(hù)，庭審辯護(hù)意見不受當(dāng)事人干擾。 第二部分，英國出庭律師接受的精英教育。出庭律師的崇高地位和精英特質(zhì)很大程度上源自其接受的貴族式精英教育。這部分先論述了出庭律師自中世紀(jì)至近代接受的法律教育，接著詳細(xì)論述近代英國教育改革以后出庭律師的法律學(xué)習(xí)流程，包括法學(xué)理論學(xué)習(xí)階段，法律職業(yè)實(shí)務(wù)操作階段，律師事務(wù)實(shí)習(xí)階段，繼續(xù)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)階段。 第三部分，，英國出庭律師的職業(yè)特點(diǎn)。英國出庭律師的精英特質(zhì)不僅僅體現(xiàn)在精英教育，還包括職業(yè)特權(quán)。出庭律師獨(dú)立的辯護(hù)人地位和職業(yè)倫理中的誠信和有限忠誠表明，他們不僅是實(shí)現(xiàn)司法公正的的另一只手，還是司法過程的監(jiān)護(hù)人。個人單獨(dú)執(zhí)業(yè)使他們的職業(yè)風(fēng)格和習(xí)慣更趨于保守。客觀、中立的律師意見書和上訴法院的口頭審理程序造就了英國經(jīng)驗(yàn)型司法的輝煌。出庭律師行業(yè)內(nèi)部高度的凝聚力強(qiáng)化了這一社會精英團(tuán)體的穩(wěn)定性。 第四部分，英國出庭律師與英國上層社會。這部分介紹了出庭律師與法官在職業(yè)共同體和職業(yè)軌跡上的關(guān)系，出庭律師與司法界上層，出庭律師與英國首相之間的關(guān)系，并分析了英國文官制度對英國法治的影響。 第五部分，以出庭律師為代表的精英司法階層對英國法治的影響。一是精英司法階層促進(jìn)了英國法學(xué)教育的發(fā)展。二是對英國獨(dú)立的普通法傳統(tǒng)的影響，精英文化使英國法治保守固化，沒有受到羅馬法的大規(guī)模影響，形成了獨(dú)具一格的普通法傳統(tǒng)。三是對英國獨(dú)特的法治傳統(tǒng)的影響。法律至上、辯論式訴訟程序、判例法傳統(tǒng)都是英國獨(dú)具特色的司法制度文明。 最后，結(jié)語部分對全文進(jìn)行簡要總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:British law has been developed for more than two thousand years and has formed a number of unique judicial system civilizations. The lawyer system of the two yuan division is one of them. The British lawyers are divided into business lawyers and court lawyers, sometimes called small lawyers and barristers, and the solicitors are mainly responsible for the preparation of the work before the court, and the barrister is mainly responsible for the opening of the court. In recent years, the two yuan lawyer has the trend of integration, and the solicitor can also appear in the lower court, but the elite character of the lawyer and the low position of the lawyer in the British judiciary will not easily withdraw from the history stage. The elite education, the professional characteristics, the relationship with the British upper class and the influence on the rule of law in England.
In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five parts:
First, the introduction introduces the theoretical significance, practical value and data collection of the topic, then introduces the research status of the British court lawyers at home and abroad, and gives a brief overview. Finally, it expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper, and analyzes the difficulties encountered in the writing and the research emphasis and innovation of this article. The place.
The first part of the text, the basic introduction of the British lawyer system, introduces the formation and development trend of the British lawyer system, the reasons for the formation of the British barrister, the traditional and modern factors produced by the barrister, including the influence of the ancient Greek "eloquence" and the extension of the form of the Germanic law, and the modern judicial civilization The anti litigation procedure emphasizes the skills of debate, and guarantees independent defense. The defence of court trial is not subject to interference from the parties.
The second part is the elite education accepted by the British barrister. The lofty status and elite characteristics of the barrister are largely derived from the aristocratic elite education they accept. This part discusses the legal education accepted by the Barrister from the Middle Ages to the modern times, and then discusses the legal science of the court lawyer after the modern British educational reform. The process of study includes the study of legal theory, the practice of legal profession, the practice of lawyer affairs and the continuing vocational training.
The third part is the professional characteristics of the British barrister. The elite characteristics of the British barrister are not only reflected in the elite education, but also of professional privileges. The status of the independent defender of the lawyer and the integrity and limited loyalty of the professional ethics show that they are not only another hand to realize the judicial justice, but also the guardianship of the judicial process. Individual practice makes their professional style and habits more conservative. Objective, neutral lawyer's opinions and the oral hearing procedure of the court of appeal make the British experiential justice brilliant. The high cohesion within the court of the court strengthens the stability of this social elite group.
The fourth part is the British barrister and the British upper society. This part introduces the relationship between the court lawyer and the judge on the career community and career path, the relationship between the barrister and the upper level of the judiciary, the court lawyer and the British Prime Minister, and analyzes the influence of the British civil service system on the rule of law in Britain.
The fifth part, the influence of the elite judiciary represented by the barrister in court on the rule of law in Britain. One is that the elite judiciary has promoted the development of the British law education. Two is the influence of the British independent common law tradition, the elite culture makes the British rule of law conservative and solidified, and has not been influenced by the large scale of the Rome law. The traditional law tradition. Three is the influence of the unique tradition of the rule of law in Britain. The supremacy of law, the debating proceedings, and the tradition of case law are the unique civilizations of the judiciary in Britain.
Finally, the conclusion is a brief summary of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D956.1;DD916
本文編號：2160308
[Abstract]:British law has been developed for more than two thousand years and has formed a number of unique judicial system civilizations. The lawyer system of the two yuan division is one of them. The British lawyers are divided into business lawyers and court lawyers, sometimes called small lawyers and barristers, and the solicitors are mainly responsible for the preparation of the work before the court, and the barrister is mainly responsible for the opening of the court. In recent years, the two yuan lawyer has the trend of integration, and the solicitor can also appear in the lower court, but the elite character of the lawyer and the low position of the lawyer in the British judiciary will not easily withdraw from the history stage. The elite education, the professional characteristics, the relationship with the British upper class and the influence on the rule of law in England.
In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into five parts:
First, the introduction introduces the theoretical significance, practical value and data collection of the topic, then introduces the research status of the British court lawyers at home and abroad, and gives a brief overview. Finally, it expounds the research ideas and methods of this paper, and analyzes the difficulties encountered in the writing and the research emphasis and innovation of this article. The place.
The first part of the text, the basic introduction of the British lawyer system, introduces the formation and development trend of the British lawyer system, the reasons for the formation of the British barrister, the traditional and modern factors produced by the barrister, including the influence of the ancient Greek "eloquence" and the extension of the form of the Germanic law, and the modern judicial civilization The anti litigation procedure emphasizes the skills of debate, and guarantees independent defense. The defence of court trial is not subject to interference from the parties.
The second part is the elite education accepted by the British barrister. The lofty status and elite characteristics of the barrister are largely derived from the aristocratic elite education they accept. This part discusses the legal education accepted by the Barrister from the Middle Ages to the modern times, and then discusses the legal science of the court lawyer after the modern British educational reform. The process of study includes the study of legal theory, the practice of legal profession, the practice of lawyer affairs and the continuing vocational training.
The third part is the professional characteristics of the British barrister. The elite characteristics of the British barrister are not only reflected in the elite education, but also of professional privileges. The status of the independent defender of the lawyer and the integrity and limited loyalty of the professional ethics show that they are not only another hand to realize the judicial justice, but also the guardianship of the judicial process. Individual practice makes their professional style and habits more conservative. Objective, neutral lawyer's opinions and the oral hearing procedure of the court of appeal make the British experiential justice brilliant. The high cohesion within the court of the court strengthens the stability of this social elite group.
The fourth part is the British barrister and the British upper society. This part introduces the relationship between the court lawyer and the judge on the career community and career path, the relationship between the barrister and the upper level of the judiciary, the court lawyer and the British Prime Minister, and analyzes the influence of the British civil service system on the rule of law in Britain.
The fifth part, the influence of the elite judiciary represented by the barrister in court on the rule of law in Britain. One is that the elite judiciary has promoted the development of the British law education. Two is the influence of the British independent common law tradition, the elite culture makes the British rule of law conservative and solidified, and has not been influenced by the large scale of the Rome law. The traditional law tradition. Three is the influence of the unique tradition of the rule of law in Britain. The supremacy of law, the debating proceedings, and the tradition of case law are the unique civilizations of the judiciary in Britain.
Finally, the conclusion is a brief summary of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D956.1;DD916
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