我國法官權利保障研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-03-26 13:25
本文選題:法官 切入點:權利 出處:《吉林大學》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:在依法治國進程日益推進的今天,人民法院肩負著貫徹依法治國基本方略的重要使命,,人民法官作為社會糾紛的化解者、社會和諧的促進者和社會正義的維護者,其自身的權利如何保障,越來越多地被社會各界所關注。在司法實踐中,法官權利保障對于提升法官的職業(yè)尊嚴和社會聲望、促進法官依法獨立公正審判有著十分重要的意義。黨的十七大以來,我國司法領域的各項改革方興未艾、成效突出,但是,法官權利保障卻未得到應有的重視,其理論研究不夠系統(tǒng)深入、政策措施更是無從下手。因此,對法官權利保障問題開展研究,積極探索具有中國特色的法官權利保障制度,對于實現(xiàn)司法公正,提高司法效率,加快我國司法改革的進程,打造一支高素質、強能力并且比較穩(wěn)定的法官隊伍,顯得十分迫切和必要。構建并不斷完善法官權利保障制度是一項社會系統(tǒng)工程,應著眼于我國的政治體制改革和司法改革大局,并有賴于立法機關、黨政機關、司法機關和社會各界的共同支持和長期努力。 從上述理論觀點和實踐需要出發(fā),本文以法官權利保障為主題,通過實證調研、文獻綜述和比較分析,對這一主題的相關問題進行了比較全面的研究。 本文包括緒論和四章。 緒論。介紹法官權利保障這一問題的研究背景和意義,對法官職業(yè)保障、法官權利保障、法官權力保障等若干重要概念加以明晰,并將它們之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系加以說明。 第一章:法官權利保障的基本理論。首先對法官權利的定義及法官權利保障的內涵作了界定。法官權利是法律所確立的權利,是指法官為合法、有效地履行職務所享有的、受法律保護的權利和利益。法官權利保障主要包含法官獨立審判權、身份權、經濟權和履行職務時特別權利的保障。提出了如今法官權利保障的內在必要性,對司法獨立的內在要求,從基本內涵、司法獨立的理論依據、司法獨立的前置性條件進行分析。從理論與司法實踐的雙重角度上看,法官有人們廣泛關注的社會基礎、憲法中有關于獨立審判的規(guī)定、《法官法》頒布實施的法律依據和法院推行“維權”活動的實踐經驗,論述了構建與完善法官權利保障機制的可行性。 第二章:法官權利保障的域外考察。主要采取實證分析和比較研究的方法,對各國法官權利保障及其自身發(fā)展過程及本國政治、經濟和文化狀況相適應的個性特征進行了分析研究。列出國際規(guī)范中的法官身份保障、經濟保障和特別權利保障的內容,將英美法系國家較為完善的法官權利保障和大陸法系國家較為系統(tǒng)的法官權利保障進行比較分析。世界上大部分國家和地區(qū),特別是西方法治國家為保障法官獨立審判,均對法官權利保障問題作了具體明確的規(guī)定。如:法官終身制、高薪制、司法豁免制等權利保障,同時,許多國際文件也對法官權利保障做出了相關規(guī)定。通過具體闡述國際規(guī)范中的法官權利保障,了解英美法系、大陸法系等代表性國家和地區(qū)有關法官權利保障、身份保障、經濟保障、尊嚴保障等方面的制度概況。然后對國際規(guī)范及兩大法系國家和地區(qū)法官權利保障從期限、地位、待遇等一系列制度上進行比較研究,從事實上證實了國際規(guī)范及兩大法系表現(xiàn)出的相互借鑒、相互交融的趨勢。因此,比較分析域外法官權利保障的共同點和不同點,探求法官權利保障發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律,對我國法官權利保障的構建與完善,將具有重要的借鑒與啟示作用。 第三章:我國法官權利保障的現(xiàn)狀評析。從我國法官心理和工作現(xiàn)狀來看,突出了法官心理面臨的內外監(jiān)督的壓力、工作上面臨日益復雜的法律運用及法官面臨日益增大的涉訴信訪壓力。由于我國現(xiàn)行的法官權利保障機制,無論是從質量或數量上、觀念與制度雙重層面上都得不到有效的保障,從而導致了法官多方面權利保障不到位。其主要表現(xiàn)為法律規(guī)定過于原則導致法官獨立審判權不到位、管理體制不合理導致法官身份保障不到位、經費依附性導致法官經濟待遇不到位、保護體制的缺陷導致法官職業(yè)特權的不落實。而權利保障不到位進一步對法官心理狀態(tài)產生了重大的影響。法官職業(yè)壓力主要來源于權利保障的不到位,其主要包括獨立審判、司法權威、法官地位及個人待遇等。因此,在分析我國法官權利保障現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,分別從觀念層面、制度層面、經濟層面、技術層面等四個方面闡述我國法官權利保障不到位、不完善的成因。 第四章:我國法官權利保障的構建與完善。通過對我國當下法官權利保障的現(xiàn)狀評析,提出了不斷完善法官獨立權利保障、身份權利保障、經濟權利保障和特別權利保障的建議。逐步完善適合中國國情的法官權利保障體系和運行機制,從制度上確保法官依法履行職權,維護司法公正。首先,從外部環(huán)境和內部制度雙方面實行構建與完善法官的獨立審判權;進一步完善法官身份權利的保障,構建法官終身任職制、免職程序法定化、職務變更自愿制及退休年齡適當延長;完善法官經濟權利的保障,構建合理的司法經費保障體系和合理的薪俸制度;完善法官履行職務時特別權利保障,分別從構建法官司法豁免制度、強化法官刑法保護、構建法官尊嚴保障、健全法官人身安全保障及身心健康保障機制五方面做了詳細論述,并結合國際規(guī)范、英美法系和大陸法系國家和地區(qū)有關法官權利保障方面比較成熟的經驗,提出了若干設想和建議。 最后,本文提出:構建并不斷完善法官權利保障制度是一項社會系統(tǒng)工程,應著眼于我國的政治體制改革和司法改革大局,并有賴于立法機關、黨政機關、司法機關和社會各界的共同支持和長期努力。
[Abstract]:In the practice of administration of justice , the people ' s court bears the important mission of carrying out the basic strategy of ruling the country according to law , the people ' s judge is the mediator of social disputes , the promotion of social harmony and the maintenance of social justice . The reform in the judicial field of our country has been more and more important . In the practice of judicial practice , the judge ' s rights guarantee has not received due attention , and it is very urgent and necessary to construct and improve the judicial reform in our country .
From the above - mentioned theoretical viewpoint and practical need , this paper takes judge ' s rights protection as the subject , through empirical research , literature review and comparative analysis , carries on a comparatively comprehensive study on the related problems of this topic .
This article includes introduction and chapter four .
Introduction . Introduce the background and significance of the research background and significance of the judge ' s rights guarantee , and clarify some important concepts , such as judge ' s professional security , judge ' s rights safeguard , judge ' s power safeguard , etc . , and explain the differences and connections between them .
Chapter One : The basic theory of judge ' s rights guarantee . First , the definition of the judge ' s right and the connotation of judge ' s rights guarantee are defined . The judge ' s right is the right and the interests of the judge ' s right .
Chapter 2 : A comparative study of the rights of judges ' rights and their own development process and their own political , economic and cultural conditions .
Chapter 3 : The current situation of judge ' s rights guarantee in our country . From the view of the state of our judge ' s psychology and work , the author stresses the pressure of the internal and external supervision of the judge ' s psychology , and it is confronted with the increasingly complex legal application and the increasing legal representation of judge .
Chapter Four : The construction and perfection of the protection of the rights of the judges in our country . Through the analysis of the present situation of the current judge ' s rights guarantee , the author puts forward the suggestion to perfect the guarantee of the independent right of the judge , the guarantee of identity , the guarantee of economic rights and special rights .
To further improve the protection of the rights of the judge ' s identity , construct the tenure system of the judge , the law of the dismissal procedure , the voluntary system of job change and the appropriate extension of the retirement age ;
Perfecting the guarantee of the judge ' s economic rights , constructing a reasonable guarantee system of judicial funds and a reasonable salary system ;
In order to perfect the protection of the special rights of the judges in the performance of their duties , a detailed discussion is made on the establishment of the judicial immunity system of the judges , the protection of the criminal law of the judges , the construction of the protection of the dignity of the judges , the improvement of the personal safety of the judges and the mechanism of physical and mental health protection , and some ideas and suggestions are put forward in the light of the mature experience of international norms , the Anglo - American law system and the civil law system countries and regions .
Finally , this paper puts forward that the construction and continuous improvement of the system of judge ' s rights guarantee is a systematic project , which should focus on the reform of the political system and the reform of the judicial reform in our country , and it depends on the common support and long - term efforts of the legislature , the party and government organs , the judiciary and the community .
【學位授予單位】:吉林大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:D926.2
【引證文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 丁文生;;中美法官經濟保障比較研究[J];中南民族大學學報(人文社會科學版);2014年03期
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 代曉;論律師向法官的職業(yè)流動[D];中國政法大學;2014年
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