美國(guó)制憲中合理的權(quán)力分配:繁榮穩(wěn)定社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2021-08-17 13:16
憲法是國(guó)家的根本大法,是制定其它一切法律的依據(jù),在整個(gè)國(guó)家的法律體系中有著至高無(wú)上的地位。一個(gè)國(guó)家的穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展和繁榮離不開(kāi)一部完善的憲法。 眾所周知,美國(guó)作為一個(gè)建國(guó)只有二百多年的年輕國(guó)家,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為世界上最發(fā)達(dá)、最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。而且,在這二百多年的發(fā)展史中,除了內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,其國(guó)內(nèi)政局一直比較穩(wěn)定,這與其有一部較為完善的憲法和實(shí)施法制是密不可分的。研究美國(guó)憲法對(duì)于更好地、更深入地了解這個(gè)國(guó)家的歷史和未來(lái)發(fā)展具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文從權(quán)力分配的角度,對(duì)蘊(yùn)含在美國(guó)憲法中的基本思想和原則進(jìn)行了剖析。兩百多年來(lái),盡管美國(guó)憲法在諸多方面已經(jīng)有了一些變化和發(fā)展以適應(yīng)時(shí)代的需要,但這些基本思想和原則一直沿用至今,并在美國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活中發(fā)揮著積極的作用。 第一是人民主權(quán)的思想,即政府的權(quán)力來(lái)自于人民,國(guó)家主權(quán)最終屬于人民。第二是三權(quán)分立和權(quán)力制衡的原則。制憲元?jiǎng)讉儼阎醒胝譃榱⒎、行政、司法三個(gè)部門,并通過(guò)憲法授予三個(gè)部門特定的既相互平衡又相互制約的權(quán)力,從而確保了國(guó)家權(quán)力不會(huì)集中到某一部門手中而形成專制。第三個(gè)重要的原則是建立聯(lián)邦制,即在中央政府和州政府之間分配國(guó)家權(quán)力。美國(guó)的聯(lián)邦制...
【文章來(lái)源】:四川大學(xué)四川省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】:70 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Introduction
1. Social Backgrounds of the U.S. Constitutional Legislation
1.1. Grim Economic Situation of the 1780s
1.2. Political Crisis of the 1780s
1.2.1. Foreign Threats and Violations to the Confederation
1.2.2. Domestic Dissatisfaction and Rebellions
1.3. Efforts to Bring about Constitutional Reform
2. Allocation of the National Power by Means of the U.S. Constitution
2.1. Separation of Powers in the Central Government
2.1.1. Theory of Separation of Powers
2.1.2. Separation of Powers among Three Governmental Branches
2.1.3. Checks and Balances
2.2. Allocating Powers between the Federal Government and the States
3. The Bill of Rights: Restraint on Government Power
3.1. Origins of the Bill of Rights
3.2. Individual Rights and Restriction on Government Power
4. Achievements of the U.S Constitutional Legislation
4.1. Laying the Foundation of American Government
4.2. Establishing the Principles of American Government
4.3. Vital Protection for Individual Liberties
Conclusion
APPENDIX Ⅰ
APPENDIX Ⅱ
BIBLIOGRAPHY
【參考文獻(xiàn)】:
期刊論文
[1]美國(guó)三權(quán)分立漫議[J]. 樊體寧. 世界知識(shí). 1989(05)
本文編號(hào):3347838
【文章來(lái)源】:四川大學(xué)四川省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】:70 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【文章目錄】:
Introduction
1. Social Backgrounds of the U.S. Constitutional Legislation
1.1. Grim Economic Situation of the 1780s
1.2. Political Crisis of the 1780s
1.2.1. Foreign Threats and Violations to the Confederation
1.2.2. Domestic Dissatisfaction and Rebellions
1.3. Efforts to Bring about Constitutional Reform
2. Allocation of the National Power by Means of the U.S. Constitution
2.1. Separation of Powers in the Central Government
2.1.1. Theory of Separation of Powers
2.1.2. Separation of Powers among Three Governmental Branches
2.1.3. Checks and Balances
2.2. Allocating Powers between the Federal Government and the States
3. The Bill of Rights: Restraint on Government Power
3.1. Origins of the Bill of Rights
3.2. Individual Rights and Restriction on Government Power
4. Achievements of the U.S Constitutional Legislation
4.1. Laying the Foundation of American Government
4.2. Establishing the Principles of American Government
4.3. Vital Protection for Individual Liberties
Conclusion
APPENDIX Ⅰ
APPENDIX Ⅱ
BIBLIOGRAPHY
【參考文獻(xiàn)】:
期刊論文
[1]美國(guó)三權(quán)分立漫議[J]. 樊體寧. 世界知識(shí). 1989(05)
本文編號(hào):3347838
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