【摘要】： 漢斯·凱爾森和H.L.A.哈特作為分析實證主義法學派的重要代表人物,以各具特色的法學理論為二十世紀的西方法學界的發(fā)展帶來了活力,而他們的理論也成為在他們之后世界各國法學理論發(fā)展的重要源泉。在兩位分析法學家的理論體系中,最值得我們關注的一個問題就是,他們關于法律的概念的不同理解。法律的概念是法學理論的一個基本問題,對法律的概念的基本認識是研究其他法學問題的基礎。作為純粹法學派創(chuàng)始人的凱爾森將法律規(guī)范作為其法學理論的基本概念,而新分析實證主義法學派創(chuàng)始人哈特則是把法律規(guī)則作為他法學理論的基本概念。凱爾森通過規(guī)范的觀念強調了法律作為一個獨立的邏輯體系的存在,為法律科學奠定了獨立的基礎；哈特則是通過對規(guī)則觀念的強調,把法律同現(xiàn)實生活密切聯(lián)系在一起,使法哲學在西方法學界重新恢復了活力。本文試圖從凱爾森和哈特對法律概念的定位入手,通過對法律規(guī)范與法律規(guī)則的概念進行比較與分析,以期能夠把握兩位法學家理論體系的特點,并對兩位分析法學家的理論可以有進一步的理解。全文分為三個部分： 第一部分,主要闡述凱爾森“法律規(guī)范”理論與哈特“法律規(guī)則”理論的基本內容。在這一部分以凱爾森的《法與國家的一般理論》和哈特的《法律的概念》這兩本書為藍本,提煉出有關凱爾森“法律規(guī)范”理論和哈特“法律規(guī)則”理論的基本內容。首先,論述兩位法學家理論產(chǎn)生的思想根源。其次,分別詳細地介紹凱爾森“法律規(guī)范”理論和哈特“法律規(guī)則”理論的主要內容。 第二部分,論述規(guī)范與法律規(guī)范及規(guī)則與法律規(guī)則的區(qū)別。在這一部分首先以規(guī)范和規(guī)則兩個概念為基礎作比較,并在此基礎上引導出凱爾森對于“法律規(guī)范”與“法律規(guī)則”區(qū)別。其次,論述哈特關于規(guī)則與法律規(guī)則所做的區(qū)別。再次,從不同的哲學基礎；不同的理論任務；是否具有“不可違背性”、“主觀性”、“系統(tǒng)性”等幾個方面來比較凱爾森“法律規(guī)范”理論與哈特“法律規(guī)則”理論的差異。最后,論述兩位法學家理論的相似之處。主要表現(xiàn)在：具有相同的理論基礎和思想根源,都強調了法律科學的研究對象是“實際上是這樣的法律”,都主張法律與道德的相分離等方面。 第三部分,評論凱爾森“法律規(guī)范”理論和哈特的“法律規(guī)則”理論的作用。由于兩位分析法學家面對著不同的理論任務,要解決的問題也不同,因此,他們的法律思想對以后的研究和實踐將產(chǎn)生不同的影響。作為享譽世界的兩位分析法學家,學習和繼承他們思想理論中的精華,同樣也會對我國的法學研究和法治建設產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。
[Abstract]:Hans Kelsen and H. L. A. As an important representative of positivism and law school, Hart brought vitality to the development of western legal circles in the 20th century with different legal theories. Their theory has become an important source of the development of legal theory in the world after them. In the theoretical system of two analytic jurists, one of the most noteworthy problems is their different understanding of the concept of law. The concept of law is a basic problem in the theory of law, and the basic understanding of the concept of law is the basis of studying other legal problems. Kelsen, as the founder of the pure school of law, regards legal norms as the basic concept of his legal theory, while Hart, the founder of the New Analytical positivist School of Law, regards the rule of law as the basic concept of his theory of law. Kelsen emphasizes the existence of law as an independent logical system through the concept of norms, which lays an independent foundation for the science of law, while Hart, by emphasizing the concept of rules, closely links law with real life. It reinvigorated the philosophy of law in the western legal circles. This paper attempts to begin with Kelsen and Hart's orientation of the concept of law, through the comparison and analysis of the concepts of legal norms and legal rules, in order to grasp the characteristics of the theoretical system of the two jurists. And the two analytic jurists can have a further understanding of the theory. The full text is divided into three parts: the first part mainly expounds the basic contents of Kelsen's "legal norms" theory and Hart's "legal rules" theory. In this part, based on Kelsen's General Theory of Law and State and Hart's concept of Law, the author abstracts the basic contents of Kelsen's theory of legal norms and Hart's theory of legal rules. First of all, it discusses the ideological origin of the two jurists' theories. Secondly, the main contents of Kelsen's legal norms theory and Hart's legal rules theory are introduced in detail. The second part discusses the differences between norms and legal norms and rules and legal rules. In this part, the author makes a comparison based on the concepts of norms and rules, and leads Kelsen to distinguish between "legal norms" and "legal rules". Secondly, it discusses the difference between the rules and the rules of law. Thirdly, the differences between Kelsen's theory of legal norms and Hart's theory of rules of law are compared from different philosophical bases, different theoretical tasks, whether they have "inviolability", "subjectivity", "systematicness" and so on. Finally, the similarities between the two jurists' theories are discussed. It is mainly manifested in the following aspects: it has the same theoretical basis and ideological roots, and both emphasize that the research object of legal science is "such law in practice", and both advocate the separation of law and morality. The third part, comments on the role of Kelsen's legal norms theory and Hart's legal rules theory. Because the two analytic jurists are faced with different theoretical tasks and have different problems to solve, their legal thoughts will have different influences on the research and practice in the future. As two famous analysts in the world, studying and inheriting the essence of their thoughts and theories will also have a profound impact on the legal research and the construction of the rule of law in our country.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D90

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