烏茲別克斯坦廢除死刑政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 11:25
【摘要】： 廢除死刑政策是刑事政策的重要內(nèi)容之一。廢除死刑是世界人權(quán)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),也是衡量一個(gè)國家人權(quán)狀況的重要標(biāo)志。國際人權(quán)法對(duì)死刑的態(tài)度經(jīng)歷了由放任到限制再到廢除的轉(zhuǎn)變。一國死刑政策的存置與廢除是一個(gè)博弈的過程,廢除死刑需要具備政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)等方面的可行性才能為之。 烏茲別克斯坦獨(dú)立前后的死刑政策存在很大差異。獨(dú)立前,死刑政策沿襲蘇聯(lián),蘇聯(lián)刑法沒有將死刑列入刑罰名目,死刑只是一種非常的刑罰方法。死刑是一種權(quán)宜之計(jì),社會(huì)主義國家對(duì)其應(yīng)是限制、減少適用并創(chuàng)造條件逐步走向完全廢除。獨(dú)立后,人權(quán)狀況逐步改善,對(duì)該國廢除死刑進(jìn)程起到了推波助瀾的作用。2005年8月1日烏茲別克斯坦開始著手廢除死刑,采取“分階段廢除死刑”的策略,期間采取了一系列的改革措施。具體表現(xiàn)在:司法和法律制度的放寬、刑罰制度自由化、防止酷刑和死刑替代措施等。2008年1月1日正式廢除死刑,是全球廢除死刑的第134個(gè)國家。烏茲別克斯坦廢除死刑有多個(gè)方面的原因:政治上為了擺脫“安集延事件”的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià),與哈薩克斯坦?fàn)帄Z中亞的主導(dǎo)權(quán);經(jīng)濟(jì)上為了修復(fù)美國和歐盟的關(guān)系,博得它們的援助和支持,文化上有伊斯蘭人權(quán)觀對(duì)生命權(quán)的珍愛;法律上為迎合聯(lián)合國死刑決議;社會(huì)上有高民意的鼎力支持等。烏茲別克斯坦廢除死刑與同為中亞的土庫曼廢除死刑在時(shí)間、條件、內(nèi)容和原因上都有根本不同。 烏茲別克斯坦在本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展并不景氣,犯罪率還比較高,民主法治還不夠健全的的形勢(shì)下廢除死刑帶有很強(qiáng)的工具性和功利性,這些問題不得不引起我們的思考。當(dāng)然,烏茲別克斯坦廢除死刑政策也具有一定的積極意義,可能對(duì)中國將來廢除死刑的理論與實(shí)踐會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定影響。
[Abstract]:The policy of abolishing the death penalty is one of the important contents of the criminal policy. Abolition of the death penalty is an inevitable trend in the development of human rights in the world and an important symbol to measure the human rights situation in a country. The attitude of international human rights law to the death penalty has changed from laissez-faire to restriction to abolition. The retention and abolition of a country's death penalty policy is a game process. Abolition of the death penalty requires political, economic, cultural and social feasibility. Before and after the independence of Uzbekistan, the death penalty policy is very different. Before independence, the policy of death penalty followed the Soviet Union. The criminal law of the Soviet Union did not include the death penalty in the title of punishment. The death penalty was only an extraordinary method of punishment. Death penalty is a kind of expedient measure, socialist country should restrict it, reduce its application and create conditions for its complete abolition. The gradual improvement in the human rights situation since independence has contributed to the process of abolition of the death penalty in the country. Uzbekistan began to abolish the death penalty on 1 August 2005 and adopted the strategy of "phasing out the death penalty", During this period, a series of reform measures were taken. On January 1, 2008, the formal abolition of the death penalty is the 134th country in the world to abolish the death penalty. Uzbekistan abolished the death penalty for a number of reasons: politically, in order to get rid of the negative evaluation of the "Andijan incident," and to compete with Kazakhstan for leadership in Central Asia; and economically, for the purpose of repairing the relations between the United States and the European Union. In order to win their assistance and support, there is a cultural view of Islamic human rights to cherish the right to life; in law to cater to the United Nations death penalty resolution; in society, there is strong support of high public opinion, and so on. The abolition of the death penalty in Uzbekistan is fundamentally different from that of Turkmenistan in Central Asia in terms of time, conditions, contents and reasons. In Uzbekistan, the economic development of Uzbekistan is not prosperous, the crime rate is relatively high, and the democratic rule of law is not sound enough to abolish the death penalty with a strong instrumental and utilitarian situation, these problems have to cause us to think. Of course, the policy of abolishing the death penalty in Uzbekistan also has certain positive significance, which may have a certain impact on the theory and practice of abolishing the death penalty in China in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D936.2;DD914
本文編號(hào)：2149979
[Abstract]:The policy of abolishing the death penalty is one of the important contents of the criminal policy. Abolition of the death penalty is an inevitable trend in the development of human rights in the world and an important symbol to measure the human rights situation in a country. The attitude of international human rights law to the death penalty has changed from laissez-faire to restriction to abolition. The retention and abolition of a country's death penalty policy is a game process. Abolition of the death penalty requires political, economic, cultural and social feasibility. Before and after the independence of Uzbekistan, the death penalty policy is very different. Before independence, the policy of death penalty followed the Soviet Union. The criminal law of the Soviet Union did not include the death penalty in the title of punishment. The death penalty was only an extraordinary method of punishment. Death penalty is a kind of expedient measure, socialist country should restrict it, reduce its application and create conditions for its complete abolition. The gradual improvement in the human rights situation since independence has contributed to the process of abolition of the death penalty in the country. Uzbekistan began to abolish the death penalty on 1 August 2005 and adopted the strategy of "phasing out the death penalty", During this period, a series of reform measures were taken. On January 1, 2008, the formal abolition of the death penalty is the 134th country in the world to abolish the death penalty. Uzbekistan abolished the death penalty for a number of reasons: politically, in order to get rid of the negative evaluation of the "Andijan incident," and to compete with Kazakhstan for leadership in Central Asia; and economically, for the purpose of repairing the relations between the United States and the European Union. In order to win their assistance and support, there is a cultural view of Islamic human rights to cherish the right to life; in law to cater to the United Nations death penalty resolution; in society, there is strong support of high public opinion, and so on. The abolition of the death penalty in Uzbekistan is fundamentally different from that of Turkmenistan in Central Asia in terms of time, conditions, contents and reasons. In Uzbekistan, the economic development of Uzbekistan is not prosperous, the crime rate is relatively high, and the democratic rule of law is not sound enough to abolish the death penalty with a strong instrumental and utilitarian situation, these problems have to cause us to think. Of course, the policy of abolishing the death penalty in Uzbekistan also has certain positive significance, which may have a certain impact on the theory and practice of abolishing the death penalty in China in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D936.2;DD914
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