本文選題：美國反傾銷法 + 保護主義　； 參考：《西南政法大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 自美國反傾銷法誕生至今已有百余年的歷史,從《1916年反傾銷法》中反傾銷規(guī)則的首次確立到《1921年反傾銷法》,再到《1974年貿易法》和《1979年貿易協定法》以及《1984年關稅與貿易法》和《1988年綜合貿易競爭法》,隨后2000年又出臺《伯德修正案》,美國反傾銷法的稱謂不斷改變,但是萬變中不變的是其保護主義的內核。美國反傾銷立法與實踐相互為用,豐富的反傾銷實踐使其反傾銷法日臻完善,同時反傾銷法的完善更是繼續(xù)推動美國反傾銷實踐得以順利開展。本文即是沿著美國反傾銷法的歷史沿革,從其內容的不斷更新充實中探尋出其保護主義因子。為更好地揭示美國反傾銷法的保護主義內核,本文分為六大部分展開論述。 第一部分,對美國早期的反傾銷法進行闡述研究。由于《1916年反傾銷法》是美國第一部國內反傾銷法,各方面的規(guī)定都不甚完善,隨之即被《1921年反傾銷法》取代,該法初步實現了反傾銷司法化到行政化,選擇性預防作用突出的轉變,并大大降低了傾銷成立的門檻,賦予行政機關較大自由裁量權。自此,美國反傾銷法就已經凸顯其對國內產業(yè)的保護傾向。 第二部分,關注美國反傾銷法的發(fā)展與完善。經歷了二十世紀七八十年代的四次修訂,從《1921年反傾銷法》到《1974年貿易法》和《1979年貿易協定法》,以及后來的《1984年關稅與貿易法》和《1988年綜合貿易競爭法》,反傾銷條款具體內容不斷向利于國內產業(yè)起訴、便于反傾銷程序操作、更易裁定征收反傾銷稅的道路上邁進。非市場經濟國家條款的設定、實質損害標準的確立、累積損害和持續(xù)傾銷內容的增加無不彰顯美國反傾銷法對國內產業(yè)面臨外國競爭處于劣勢時保駕護航的力度。 第三部分,轉向對美國反傾銷法現狀的分析。美國反傾銷法經過半個多世紀的發(fā)展,最終在WTO貿易體制下穩(wěn)定下來,因此注入了國際元素,加入了與《世界貿易反傾銷守則》一致的內容。“日落復審”的規(guī)定、“微量”問題的攝入以及可忽略問題的條款都是應運而生的產物。但是,諸多新鮮元素與國際反傾銷規(guī)則貌合神離,依然以方便國內企業(yè)提起反傾銷訴訟、人為創(chuàng)造國內企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢為依歸,《伯德修正案》更是拋開國際反傾銷規(guī)則的外衣,利用反傾銷法對國內產業(yè)給予赤裸裸的貿易保護。 第四部分,對美國反傾銷法具有的保護主義特性展開利益因素的分析。既然已經指出美國反傾銷法的貿易保護性質,那么是哪些利益因素的較量造就了這一特性,便是這一部分要回答的問題。利益因素的分析無疑能幫助認清反傾銷的貿易保護本質。 第五部分,引入美國對華反傾銷典型案例剖析美國反傾銷法的保護主義特性。面對美國創(chuàng)設的針對以中國為代表的所謂“非市場經濟”條款,長虹在接到美國商務部和國際貿易委員會的最終裁定后,向美國國際貿易法院提出上訴,雖然美國國際貿易法院判決商務部和國際貿易委員會就此重新做出裁定,但是最終商務部和國際貿易委員會都維持了先前的裁定。中國再一次遭受了美國反傾銷法的不公平待遇。 第六部分,面對美國反傾銷法愈演愈烈的保護主義特性,提出因應之策。國家層面是遵守《國際反傾銷統一規(guī)則》,充分利用我國的反傾銷法抵制美國產品的傾銷行為;企業(yè)緯度即是避免以往的“多米諾”重演,積極迎戰(zhàn),不打無準備之仗。
[Abstract]:The anti dumping law of the United States has been born for more than a hundred years, from the first establishment of the anti dumping law in <1916 to the anti dumping law of <1921, and to the trade law of <1974 and the <1979 year trade agreement law, and the <1984 years of tariff and Trade Law and the comprehensive trade competition law of <1988, followed by the subsequent 2000 < Byrd Amendment >, The appellation of antidumping law in the United States has been changing, but it is the core of its protectionism. The anti-dumping legislation and practice of the United States are used mutually, and the antidumping law is perfected by the rich antidumping practice. At the same time, the perfection of the antidumping law continues to promote the practice of anti dumping in the United States. This article is along the United States The historical evolution of the antidumping law explores its protectionist factors from the continuous renewal and enrichment of its content. In order to better reveal the protectionist core of the anti dumping law of the United States, this article is divided into six parts.
In the first part, the early anti dumping law of the United States was expounded and studied. As the anti dumping law of <1916 was the first domestic antidumping law in the United States, the provisions of all aspects were not perfect, and then they were replaced by the anti dumping law of <1921. Lowering the threshold of dumping and giving the executive authorities greater discretion, since then, the US anti-dumping law has highlighted its protective tendency towards domestic industries.
The second part, focusing on the development and improvement of the anti dumping law in the United States, has undergone four revisions in 70s and 80s twentieth Century, from the <1921 anti dumping law to the <1974 Trade Law and the <1979 trade agreement law, as well as the later <1984 year tariff and Trade Law and the <1988 comprehensive trade competition law. Domestic industrial prosecution is convenient for anti-dumping procedures and easier to determine the way to levy anti-dumping duties. Non market economic state provisions, the establishment of substantive damage standards, cumulative damage and the increase of continuous dumping content to highlight the force of the United States anti dumping law to protect domestic industry facing foreign competition at a disadvantage. Degree.
The third part, turning to the analysis of the current situation of American antidumping law. After more than half a century of development, the American antidumping law has finally stabilized under the WTO trade system, so the international elements have been injected into the United States and the content of the agreement with the world trade anti dumping code has been added. The provisions of the minor problems are the product of the emergence of the times. However, many fresh elements and international antidumping rules are beautiful, still convenient for domestic enterprises to bring antidumping lawsuits, to create the competitive advantage of domestic enterprises, and the Byrd Amendment is the outer garment of the international anti dumping rules, and the anti-dumping law is used to the domestic industry. Give naked trade protection.
The fourth part analyses the interests of the American antidumping law. Since it has already pointed out the nature of the trade protection of the anti dumping law of the United States, it is a question to answer which part of the interest factor has created this characteristic. The analysis of interest factors can undoubtedly help to recognize the trade of anti-dumping. It is easy to protect the nature.
In the fifth part, the American antidumping law is introduced to the United States to analyze the protectionist characteristics of the anti dumping law of the United States. Facing the so-called "non market economy" created by the United States, Changhong appeals to the U. S. International Trade Court after receiving the final ruling from the United States Department of commerce and the International Trade Commission. The U. S. International Trade Court decided that the Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission had reissued the ruling, but the final ruling was maintained by the Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission. China was once again subjected to unfair treatment of the US anti-dumping law.
The sixth part, facing the more and more protectionist characteristics of the United States anti dumping law, puts forward the countermeasures. The national level is to abide by the unified rules of international anti-dumping, and make full use of the anti-dumping law of our country to resist the dumping of American products; the enterprise latitude is to avoid the previous replay of "Domino", actively engage and do not fight unprepared battles.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D971.2

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