本文選題：公民教育 + 法制教育��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、民主政治、法治秩序是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的基本架構(gòu)。國(guó)家的現(xiàn)代化首先是人的現(xiàn)代化,成熟的公民文化是一個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化的重要標(biāo)志,也是衡量國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)尺。公民文化的生成全系于教育�，F(xiàn)代公民教育的主要內(nèi)容包括三個(gè)方面：公民法制教育、公民政治教育和公民道德教育。其中公民法制教育包括培養(yǎng)公民對(duì)國(guó)家制度、法律制度的認(rèn)同,樹立權(quán)利與義務(wù)相統(tǒng)一的法制觀念,培養(yǎng)公民法律意識(shí),樹立公民的法律信仰等方面的內(nèi)容。法制教育在公民教育中起著重要的作用。法制教育提供了主體意識(shí)、平等意識(shí)、契約觀念、民主思想、權(quán)利義務(wù)觀念等公民教育的核心內(nèi)容,法制教育提供了構(gòu)建公民文化中不可或缺的重要文化基礎(chǔ)與價(jià)值支撐。 本文由五個(gè)章節(jié)組成,逐層展開,論證法制教育在公民教育中的價(jià)值及其作用。 第一章從公民概念發(fā)展與公民教育的框架上進(jìn)行考察。從法學(xué)、倫理學(xué)和政治學(xué)方面闡述了公民的概念,通過對(duì)西方和我國(guó)公民的發(fā)展進(jìn)程的勾勒,闡述了公民是范圍最廣的稱呼,公民之間是平等的,公民代表個(gè)人的一種身份,公民反映的是個(gè)體與國(guó)家之間的關(guān)系等基本的公民理念。公民教育是指培養(yǎng)公民對(duì)國(guó)家制度、法律制度的合理認(rèn)同,樹立公民民主法治精神,養(yǎng)成公民現(xiàn)代道德信仰,實(shí)現(xiàn)公民主體道德自覺與自愿守法相統(tǒng)一的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。公民教育是主體性教育,應(yīng)當(dāng)把教育主體投射到廣闊的社會(huì)歷史背景中,投射到全部的物質(zhì)文化與精神文化之中。公民教育是對(duì)公民施加的積極影響,唯有使人不斷發(fā)展、不斷進(jìn)步、不斷超越自我的積極影響才是教育。 第二章主要考察了公民社會(huì)視域中我國(guó)的公民教育。改革開放以來,我國(guó)公民的主體性日益凸顯,民主法治觀念、權(quán)利意識(shí)和參與意識(shí)都有所提高。但我國(guó)是個(gè)缺乏公民和公民文化傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)家,等級(jí)身份觀念、宗法倫理、權(quán)力崇拜、畏官意識(shí)至今在社會(huì)生活中還很盛行,與公民社會(huì)相適應(yīng)的權(quán)利意識(shí)、政治參與意識(shí)、自由平等觀念、民主法治意識(shí)、社會(huì)信任等公民精神卻很匱乏,缺乏一種足以維系公民社會(huì)的文化理念。我國(guó)公民素質(zhì)的缺失,可以概括為公民主體性的萎縮,即公民的權(quán)利意識(shí)、參與意識(shí)、平等意識(shí)、責(zé)任和義務(wù)觀念的匱乏,這是缺乏理性的法治精神和法律信仰的集中表現(xiàn)。我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段以社會(huì)主義精神文明為主要取向的思想政治教育并不能提供全方位的公民教育。思想政治教育主要是站在執(zhí)政黨、國(guó)家政權(quán)及其相應(yīng)的政治原則的立場(chǎng)上以灌輸?shù)姆绞綇?qiáng)化受教者的政治思想覺悟�？量痰刂v,思想政治教育是被動(dòng)教育,更接近臣民教育,而公民教育則是具有開放性的主體性教育。因此,公民教育才是思想政治教育轉(zhuǎn)型的指向。 第三章闡述了公民法律素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)涵和社會(huì)功能。公民社會(huì)是由公民組成的社會(huì),公民最基本的身份地位以及公民之間最基本的社會(huì)關(guān)系由現(xiàn)代法律所規(guī)制和保障。只有通過各種形式的法制教育,讓公民認(rèn)同法律是有益于社會(huì)的理智信念時(shí),法律的外在強(qiáng)制性就變?yōu)楣駜?nèi)在的自覺的理性,對(duì)法律尊重和服從就是對(duì)自己精神生命的恪守。從本質(zhì)上講,法律素養(yǎng)就是理性化的人的精神。當(dāng)人的精神普遍以法律為價(jià)值取向時(shí),法律素養(yǎng)也便成為一種社會(huì)精神和民族精神。 第四章在前面三章的基礎(chǔ)上,深入的探討和分析了法制教育對(duì)公民教育的契合支撐作用。公民社會(huì)是以維護(hù)公民權(quán)利為前提的民主自治社會(huì),主體性、平等、自由、參與、權(quán)利與義務(wù)等信念或意識(shí)是這個(gè)社會(huì)的根本原則或價(jià)值信條。因此,公民社會(huì)視域中的公民教育必然要從法制教育中尋找并遵從以上價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則。法制教育強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體主體性的確立和發(fā)展,這是當(dāng)前我國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展的迫切需要,也是我國(guó)公民教育遵循的最基本的價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則。法制教育強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)利本位、權(quán)利與義務(wù)相一致,這是公民社會(huì)中一切行為的思想主線,是公民社會(huì)的本質(zhì)要求。法制教育強(qiáng)調(diào)契約精神,契約精神作為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)與公民社會(huì)中理性的交換主體雙方權(quán)利平等和意志自由(意思自治)的產(chǎn)物,反映了公民社會(huì)的根本精神。同時(shí),法制教育體現(xiàn)了人文價(jià)值觀教育,是促進(jìn)個(gè)體社會(huì)化的手段。這些不僅反映了公民教育的內(nèi)涵和深度,更對(duì)公民教育起到契合支撐作用。 第五章對(duì)法制教育的價(jià)值創(chuàng)造與實(shí)現(xiàn)的途徑和方法進(jìn)行了揭示。人的法律意識(shí)的主體性提升與客體的彌合,是法制教育價(jià)值創(chuàng)造的本質(zhì)。法制教育的價(jià)值創(chuàng)造活動(dòng),其意義就在于為個(gè)體觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變、升華提供新的選擇,為社會(huì)價(jià)值取向的有序化提供可能性條件。法制教育價(jià)值創(chuàng)造的關(guān)鍵要素要求法制教育觀念與理論的創(chuàng)新,法制教育活動(dòng)創(chuàng)新和法制教育體制、機(jī)制的創(chuàng)新。提高公民法律意識(shí)、提高公民遵守法律的自覺性、普及法律法規(guī)教育,尤其是培育法律信仰是成功實(shí)現(xiàn)法制教育的主要內(nèi)容。 公民法律素養(yǎng)是推進(jìn)公民社會(huì)建設(shè)進(jìn)程的重要思想要素和內(nèi)驅(qū)力,它賦有導(dǎo)向、整合與反思功能,法制教育是整個(gè)公民教育的內(nèi)在支撐與契合機(jī)制。因此,要推進(jìn)民主和建立現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家,就必須對(duì)公民文化進(jìn)行重建,培育法治的深層文化根基,推動(dòng)內(nèi)在自覺的法治秩序的形成。
[Abstract]:The market economy, democratic politics and rule of law are the basic structure of a modern country. The modernization of the country is first the modernization of the people. The mature citizen culture is an important symbol of the modernization of a country. It is also an important indicator to measure the modernization of the country. The generation of citizen culture is all tied to education. It includes three aspects: citizen's legal education, citizen's political education and civic moral education, among which citizen's legal education includes the cultivation of citizens' identity to the state system, the legal system, the establishment of a unified legal concept of rights and obligations, the cultivation of citizens' legal consciousness, and the establishment of the legal belief of the public and the public. The legal education provides the core content of the civic education, such as the consciousness of the main body, the consciousness of equality, the concept of contract, the democratic thought, the concept of rights and obligations and so on. The legal education provides the indispensable important cultural foundation and the value support in the construction of the civic culture.
This article is composed of five chapters, and it is demonstrated by layer by layer that the value and role of legal education in civic education.
The first chapter is an investigation on the framework of civic concept development and civic education. The concept of citizen is expounded from the aspects of law, ethics and politics. Through the outline of the development process of citizens in the West and our country, it is stated that citizens are the most wide range of address, the citizen is flat, the citizen represents individual identity, and the citizen is reflected. It is the basic civic concept of the relationship between the individual and the state. Civic education refers to the cultivation of citizens' rational identification of the state system, the legal system, the establishment of a citizen's spirit of democracy and the rule of law, the cultivation of citizens' modern moral beliefs, and the realization of the unity of the moral consciousness of the citizens and the voluntary law-abiding. Education should project the subject of education into a broad social and historical background, and project it into all material and spiritual culture. Civic education is a positive influence on citizens. It is only education that makes people continue to develop, continue to progress and continue to transcend the positive effects of self.
The second chapter mainly examines the civic education of our country in the perspective of civil society. Since the reform and opening up, the subjectivity of our citizens has become increasingly prominent, the concept of democracy and the rule of law, the awareness of rights and participation have improved. However, our country is a country lacking citizens and civic cultural traditions, the concept of identity, the patriarchal ethics, the worship of power, and the fear of officials. It is still very popular in social life. The consciousness of rights, the consciousness of political participation, the concept of freedom and equality, the consciousness of democracy and the rule of law, the social trust and so on are very scarce and lack a cultural concept which is sufficient to maintain the civil society. The lack of citizen's quality in our country can be summarized as the atrophy of the citizen's subjectivity. The lack of citizens' consciousness of rights, participation consciousness, equality consciousness, responsibility and obligation, which is the lack of rational spirit of the rule of law and the concentrated expression of legal belief. The ideological and political education which is the main orientation of socialist spiritual civilization at the present stage in our country can not provide a full square citizen education. Ideological and political education is mainly on the stand. The ruling party, the state power and its corresponding political principles strengthen the political and ideological consciousness of the educated people in the position of instillation. Seriously, ideological and political education is passive education, closer to the education of subjects, and civic education is an open subject education. Therefore, civic education is the direction of the transformation of Ideological and political education.
The third chapter expounds the connotation and social function of citizen's legal accomplishment. Civil society is a society composed of citizens. The basic status of citizens and the most basic social relations among citizens are regulated and guaranteed by the modern law. Only through various forms of legal education, citizen identity law is a rational letter beneficial to the society. In memory, the external coercive force of the law becomes the inner self-conscious rationality of the citizen, and the legal respect and obedience abides by the spiritual life of his own. In essence, the legal accomplishment is the spirit of the rational man. When the spirit of the man is generally oriented by the law, the legal accomplishment becomes a social spirit and a national spirit.
The fourth chapter, based on the first three chapters, deeply discusses and analyzes the supporting role of legal education to civil education. Civil society is a democratic and autonomous society based on the premise of safeguarding citizens' rights. The belief or meaning of subjectivity, equality, freedom, participation, rights and obligations is the fundamental principle or value creed of this society. Civic Education in the perspective of civil society is bound to seek and comply with the above values in legal education. Legal education emphasizes the establishment and development of individual subjectivity, which is the urgent need for the development of our society at present and the most basic value criterion of the civil education in our country. Legal education emphasizes right standard, right and obligation. This is the main line of thought of all behavior in civil society and the essential requirement of civil society. Legal education emphasizes the spirit of contract and the spirit of contract is the product of the equal rights and free will of the two parties in the market economy and civil society, reflecting the fundamental spirit of civil society. At the same time, the legal system is the legal system. Education embodies the education of humanistic values, which is a means to promote the socialization of the individual, which not only reflects the connotation and depth of civic education, but also plays a supporting role in civic education.
The fifth chapter reveals the way and method of the value creation and Realization of legal education. It is the essence of the value creation of legal education, which is the essence of the value creation of legal education. The significance of the value creation of legal education is to provide a new choice for the transformation of the individual concept and the sublimation and the orientation of social value. The key elements of the value creation of the legal education require the innovation of the concept and theory of legal education, the innovation of legal education and the system of legal education, the innovation of the mechanism, the improvement of citizens' consciousness of law, the improvement of citizens' consciousness of compliance with the law, the popularization of laws and regulations education, especially the cultivation of legal beliefs. Work is the main content of legal education.
Citizen's legal literacy is an important ideological element and internal drive to promote the process of civil society construction. It has the function of guiding, integrating and reflecting. Legal education is the internal support and mechanism of the whole citizen education. Therefore, to promote democracy and establish a modern country, it is necessary to reconstruct the culture of citizens and cultivate the deep culture of the rule of law. The foundation is to promote the formation of the rule of law in the inner consciousness.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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