本文選題：憲法變遷 + 憲法修改�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 憲法變遷是指一部憲法在其生命歷程中的發(fā)展變化,這些變化包括憲法修改、憲法解釋和憲法慣例等。其中,憲法修改是指憲法頒布實(shí)施以后,由于政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)環(huán)境發(fā)生重大變化或憲法自身具有缺陷,依照憲法規(guī)定的合法程序?qū)ζ鋬?nèi)容進(jìn)行變更的行為。為了提高憲法的現(xiàn)實(shí)適應(yīng)性,憲法修改是必要的,但為了保持憲法的權(quán)威和穩(wěn)定性,也必須謹(jǐn)慎地進(jìn)行修改。 韓國(guó)憲法自1948年制定實(shí)施以后,經(jīng)過(guò)了共9次的修改過(guò)程,憲法修改的歷程就是韓國(guó)的憲政史。因?yàn)轫n國(guó)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展不充分,市民的民主意識(shí)尚未成熟,執(zhí)政者的政權(quán)野心太大,韓國(guó)政治在歷史上很快就變?yōu)闄?quán)威主義政權(quán)體制。隨著政治情勢(shì)的變化,執(zhí)權(quán)者經(jīng)常推動(dòng)了憲法修改。大部分修憲是為了保障執(zhí)政者的權(quán)威主義政權(quán)的鞏固,其修改內(nèi)容集中在國(guó)家的政體和總統(tǒng)選舉方式的變更,總統(tǒng)任期延長(zhǎng)等問(wèn)題,而不在提高人民基本權(quán)利的問(wèn)題。因此韓國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)常顯出矛盾和混亂的局面。在此環(huán)境下,韓國(guó)人民在進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)當(dāng)中不斷反抗獨(dú)裁政權(quán)而努力推動(dòng)民主化,1987年的第9次憲法修改就是人民獲得勝利而實(shí)現(xiàn)民主化的最終標(biāo)志。目前韓國(guó)民主政治還在發(fā)展中,我們從歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)看,憲法要發(fā)揮其應(yīng)當(dāng)所做出的作用,比如保障人民基本權(quán)利,規(guī)定國(guó)家權(quán)力的分配等,首先需要實(shí)現(xiàn)政治的民主化和權(quán)力追求有序性,提高人民對(duì)民主主義的認(rèn)識(shí),然后也要完善其運(yùn)用制度和環(huán)境。 本論文除引言外,共分為三章,第一章闡述了憲法變遷的概念,分析了憲法修改的含義、其必要性和價(jià)值。第二章探討了韓國(guó)自從1948年制定建國(guó)憲法以來(lái)的憲法修改歷程。分析了憲法修改的國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境、政治背景和原因,闡述了修改內(nèi)容并對(duì)其加以評(píng)價(jià)。第三章分析了韓國(guó)憲政史的特征以及修改憲法的特點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了未來(lái)韓國(guó)憲法發(fā)展的走向。
[Abstract]:Constitutional change refers to the development and change of a constitution in its life course. These changes include constitutional amendment, constitutional interpretation and constitutional convention.Among them, the constitutional amendment refers to the act of changing the content of the constitution according to the legal procedure stipulated in the constitution because of the major changes in the political, economic and social environment or the defects of the constitution itself after the constitution was promulgated and implemented.In order to improve the adaptability of the constitution, it is necessary to amend the constitution, but in order to maintain the authority and stability of the constitution, it is necessary to make the amendment carefully.The constitution of Korea has been revised for 9 times since its enactment and implementation in 1948. The course of constitutional amendment is the history of constitutionalism in Korea.Because the political, economic and social development of Korea is not sufficient, the democratic consciousness of the citizens is not mature, and the political ambition of the rulers is too great, the Korean politics has quickly become an authoritative regime system in history.As the political situation changes, power holders often push for constitutional changes.Most of the constitutional amendments are aimed at ensuring the consolidation of the authoritarianism of the rulers, and the amendments focus on the changes in the state's political system and presidential election methods, the extension of the presidential term and other issues, rather than the improvement of the basic rights of the people.As a result, Korean society often shows contradictions and chaos.In this environment, the Korean people continue to fight against the dictatorship in a long struggle to promote democratization. The ninth constitutional amendment in 1987 is the ultimate symbol of the people's victory and democratization.At present, Korean democratic politics is still developing. From the historical experience, the Constitution should play its role, such as safeguarding the basic rights of the people, stipulating the distribution of state power, and so on.First of all, it is necessary to realize the democratization of politics and the pursuit of order of power, to enhance the people's understanding of democracy, and then to perfect its application system and environment.This thesis is divided into three chapters except the introduction. The first chapter expounds the concept of constitutional change, analyzes the meaning, necessity and value of constitutional amendment.The second chapter discusses the history of constitutional amendment since the founding of the Republic of Korea in 1948.This paper analyzes the domestic and foreign environment, political background and reasons of the constitutional amendment, and expounds the contents of the amendment and evaluates it.The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the history of Korean constitutionalism and the characteristics of amending the constitution.On this basis, put forward the future trend of the development of the South Korean Constitution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D931.26;DD911

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