本文關鍵詞： 輔助技術 法律 美國　出處：《重慶師范大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 技術不僅僅是經濟、教育和創(chuàng)新最為主要的推動力之一,而且可以幫助殘疾人更多地參與早期干預、教育、康復訓練、就業(yè)、居家、獨立生活和休閑娛樂等活動中從而可以與社會其他人士一樣充分享受其獨立生活的權利、自我決定及選擇的權利、受教育的權利、從事有意義職業(yè)的權利和充分融入主流社會各領域的權利。經過數十年的發(fā)展與實踐,輔助技術在以上領域中已經越來越凸顯出重要性。目前,世界一些發(fā)達國家和地區(qū)已經通過立法保障殘疾人獲得和使用輔助技術的權利,從而推動了輔助技術事業(yè)的進步和促進了殘疾人更全面、充分地融入社會。 在美國輔助技術法律研究領域,系統(tǒng)和深入的研究極為缺乏。國外已有的研究多著重于獲得輔助技術的資金來源與單一法律的介紹或多個相關法律的簡單羅列。本研究運用歷史研究、文獻研究和比較研究等研究方法通過對美國輔助技術相關法律的梳理,著重探討其作為整體從各個層面對殘疾人輔助技術需求的滿足和對輔助技術事業(yè)的推動以及各相關法律之間的溯源與關聯,并以美國輔助技術立法經驗為基礎,結合我國當前輔助技術與輔助技術法律政策現狀,提出相關建議。 研究發(fā)現,在當前,通過立法保障殘疾人獲得和使用輔助技術方面,美國已經遠遠走在了世界的前列。通過以《輔助技術法案》、《康復法案》、《殘疾人教育法案》和《美國殘疾人法案》為主的立法的相關規(guī)定,殘疾人在康復、教育、就業(yè)和社會生活的諸多領域的輔助技術需求得以被保障。更為重要的是,這些有關輔助技術的立法不僅從資金上保障對殘疾人輔助技術需求的滿足,而且從教育培訓、研發(fā)、信息服務、機構協(xié)調、維權和政策反思等諸多方面全面促進輔助技術事業(yè)的進步。隨著我國殘疾人工作的推進,輔助技術在縮小殘疾人生活狀況與社會平均水平間差距、促進殘疾人平等和全面地參與社會生活中的重要性也越來越得到重視。但是在通過立法保障殘疾人輔助技術需求方面,我國目前距離發(fā)達國家還有不小的差距。為進一步完善殘疾人法律法規(guī)體系,包括輔助技術相關法律、法規(guī)與政策,有必要對先進國家的輔助技術立法與實施進行研究,予以借鑒。 本研究對美國涉及輔助技術的主要法律在立法背景、法律規(guī)定的重要計劃與行動、撥款、執(zhí)行及效果和相關局限等方面進行了深入地研究,對美國輔助技術法律對輔助技術事業(yè)在技術研發(fā)、產品與服務供給、信息服務和人員培訓等環(huán)節(jié)的促進進行了分析,總結出美國輔助技術法律體系通過其完備性、資金保障、嚴格的執(zhí)行、對各類殘疾人群的關照、對輔助技術產業(yè)各環(huán)節(jié)的統(tǒng)籌以及適時的修訂對輔助技術事業(yè)的整體推動。同時對比我國的輔助技術政策現狀提出建議,即繼續(xù)加強法制建設并明確輔助技術在促進殘疾人全面康復中的重要性、兼顧輔助技術事業(yè)各領域與環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)展、加大相關法律法規(guī)及政策的執(zhí)行力度以及注重對相關法律法規(guī)的及時修訂。
[Abstract]:Technology is not only one of the main driving force of the economy, education and innovation, and help more people with disabilities to participate in early intervention, rehabilitation, education, employment, living, independent living and leisure and entertainment activities which can charge the same with other members of society enjoy their independent living rights, self-determination rights and choice and the right to education, the right to engage in meaningful occupation and fully integrated into the mainstream society in various fields to the right. After decades of development and practice, assistive technology in these areas has been increasingly highlighted. At present, some developed countries and regions have been through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology rights. Assistive technology so as to promote the cause of progress and promote the disabled more comprehensive, fully integrated into the society.
In the United States legal assistant technology research, systematic and thorough research is very lack. Many foreign researchers focus on access to assistive technology funding sources and single or multiple law introduced relevant laws simply. This study uses historical research, literature research and comparative research methods based on the auxiliary technology the research of the relevant laws, discusses its as a whole from all levels of satisfaction and assistive technology needs of assistive technology career promotion and among the various relevant laws and tracing the association, and the experience of American assistive technology legislation as the basis, combined with China's current status of auxiliary technology and assistive technology laws and policies, and puts forward relevant suggestions.
The study found that, at present, through legislation to protect the disabled access and use of assistive technology, the United States is at the forefront of the world. By using the assistive technology act < > >, < < the Rehabilitation Act, the relevant provisions of the Education Act "and" the Americans with Disabilities Act > based legislation, the disabled rehabilitation education. Is the security needs of assistive technology in many fields of employment and social life to be. More importantly, these assistive technology legislation not only from the funds to protect the assistive technology needs to meet, but also from the education and training, research and development, information services, institutional coordination, rights and policy aspects of comprehensive promotion of assistive technology the progress of the cause of the disabled in China. With the promotion of assistive technology in narrowing the gap between the living conditions of people with disabilities and the average level of society, promote the equality and full participation The importance of social life is getting more and more attention. But through legislation to protect the assistive technology demand, our country at present from developed countries and there is not a small gap. In order to further improve the legal system of the disabled, including assistive technology related laws, regulations and policies, it is necessary to assist technical legislation in advanced countries were studied. With the implementation of reference.
This research is mainly on the United States law relates to the auxiliary technology in the legislative background, important plans and actions, the law grants, in-depth study and implement effects and restrictions on American laws on assistive technology assistive technology career in technology research and development, product and service supply, information services and personnel training etc. promote are analyzed, summed up the legal system of American assistive technology through its completeness, financial security, strict execution of all kinds of people with disabilities care, for each part of the auxiliary technology industry and the revision of the overall plan for the promotion of the cause of assistive technology. At the same time propose contrast assistive technology policy current situation of our country, i.e. continue to strengthen the construction of legal system and clear auxiliary technology to promote the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation of the disabled, taking into account the assistive technology in various fields and aspects of career development, increase The enforcement of relevant laws and regulations and policies as well as the timely revision of relevant laws and regulations.

【學位授予單位】：重慶師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D971.2;D920.0
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本文編號：1442853