【摘要】： 街面犯罪是指發(fā)生在街頭、路面或犯罪起始地在街頭、路面的刑事犯罪活動,主要類型有盜搶機(jī)動車、搶劫、搶奪、街頭詐騙等。近年來,街面犯罪發(fā)案面積廣,犯罪手段復(fù)雜多樣,已對廣大人民群眾的生命財產(chǎn)安全和生活秩序造成嚴(yán)重威脅。由此,研究這類犯罪的現(xiàn)狀、成因并提出相應(yīng)對策已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。當(dāng)前街面犯罪存在著以下特點:發(fā)案數(shù)量大幅上升;犯罪主體的成員構(gòu)成日漸復(fù)雜化;犯罪形式多樣化、專業(yè)化,且多為流竄作案;犯罪手段越發(fā)殘忍;各類街面犯罪的犯罪對象都在具有特定性的同時具有變動性;犯罪危害性大,偵破困難。街面犯罪的發(fā)生是各種因素綜合發(fā)生作用的結(jié)果。其中較為重要的因素包括:(1)我國正處在轉(zhuǎn)型期,社會矛盾不斷增加;(2)公安基層力量薄弱,街面環(huán)境特殊,偵查、取證難,給街面犯罪提供了可乘之機(jī);(3)檢、法機(jī)關(guān)定案標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高,案件訴訟難度大;(4)社會防控能力不強(qiáng),群眾防范意識差,誘使犯罪分子鋌而走險。為了預(yù)防、打擊街面犯罪,公安機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)做到以下一個方面:(1)注重多警種協(xié)作配合,以發(fā)揮警力的最大效能;(2)將警力盡可能壓向路面、街頭,并實行專業(yè)化作戰(zhàn);(3)實行非常規(guī)偵查措施和方法;(4)將打擊街面犯罪的工作與其他公安行政管理、公安基礎(chǔ)工作緊密結(jié)合;(5)做好犯罪預(yù)測工作;(6)加強(qiáng)公安機(jī)關(guān)破案后的宣傳工作。檢察機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照刑事訴訟法規(guī)定的逮捕條件審查批準(zhǔn)逮捕街面犯罪嫌疑人,而不能人為提高批捕標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在定罪方面,人民法院不能固守印證證明模式,不能過度強(qiáng)調(diào)各證據(jù)之間的外在的相互印證;在量刑方面,人民法院應(yīng)正確適用刑罰,以發(fā)揮刑罰的威懾作用。犯罪是一種由政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、人口、社會、人文和自然環(huán)境引起的一種社會現(xiàn)象,街面犯罪也是如此。因此,對街面犯罪的治理也必須從這些方面入手,綜合多種社會力量,運用各種手段和措施,通過消除或減少誘發(fā)犯罪的因素和原因等途徑,有效防止、減少和遏制犯罪。在街面犯罪的預(yù)防中,我們應(yīng)注重抑制犯罪動機(jī),注重通過加強(qiáng)被害個體的自我防范、采取物防與技防手段、加強(qiáng)人力防控系統(tǒng)建設(shè)等方式限制犯罪機(jī)會和條件,注重預(yù)防重新犯罪。值得注意的是,我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)預(yù)防體系當(dāng)中黨委政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下公安機(jī)關(guān)的主導(dǎo)作用,在社會化預(yù)防體系的建設(shè)中適當(dāng)引入市場化的運作機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Street crime refers to the criminal activities occurring on the street, on the road or at the beginning of the crime on the street. The main types of criminal activities are vehicle theft, robbery, street fraud and so on. In recent years, the crime on the street has a wide area and a variety of criminal methods, which has posed a serious threat to the safety and order of life and property of the broad masses of the people. Therefore, it is urgent to study the present situation, cause of formation and put forward corresponding countermeasures of this kind of crime. At present, street crimes have the following characteristics: the number of crimes has increased substantially; the members of the main body of the crime are becoming more and more complicated; the forms of crime are diversified, specialized, and most of them are crimes committed in flight; the means of crime are becoming more and more cruel; All kinds of crime objects of street crime are changeable at the same time; the crime is harmful and difficult to detect. The occurrence of street crime is the result of the comprehensive action of various factors. Among them, the more important factors include: (1) our country is in a transitional period, and social contradictions are constantly increasing; (2) the basic forces of public security are weak, the street environment is special, it is difficult to investigate and obtain evidence, which provides an opportunity to take advantage of the street crimes; (3) the procuratorate and the legal organs have a high standard for determining a case. Case litigation is difficult; (4) the ability of social prevention and control is not strong, and the masses' awareness of prevention is poor, which induces criminals to take risks. In order to prevent and combat street crime, the public security organs should: (1) pay attention to the cooperation of various types of police in order to give full play to the maximum effectiveness of the police force; (2) put the police force on the road as far as possible, on the street, And carry out specialized operations; (3) carry out unconventional investigation measures and methods; (4) closely combine the work of cracking down on street crimes with other public security administration and basic work of public security; (5) do a good job of crime prediction; (6) strengthen the propaganda work after the public security organs solve cases. The procuratorial organ should examine and approve the arrest of street criminal suspects strictly in accordance with the conditions of arrest stipulated in the Criminal procedure Law, but can not artificially improve the standard of arrest approval. In the aspect of conviction, the people's court should not stick to the mode of proof and emphasize the external mutual confirmation among the evidences. In the aspect of sentencing, the people's court should apply the penalty correctly in order to play the deterrent role of the penalty. Crime is a social phenomenon caused by politics, economy, culture, population, society, humanities and natural environment, and so is street crime. Therefore, the management of street crime must start from these aspects, synthesize various social forces, use various means and measures, and effectively prevent, reduce and contain crime by eliminating or reducing the factors and causes of inducing crime. In the prevention of street crime, we should pay attention to restraining the motive of crime, to restricting the opportunities and conditions of crime by strengthening the self-defense of the injured individual, adopting the means of material and technical prevention, and strengthening the construction of manpower prevention and control system, etc. Focus on preventing recidivism. It is worth noting that we should emphasize the leading role of the public security organs under the leadership of the Party committee and the government in the prevention system and properly introduce a market-oriented operational mechanism in the construction of the socialized prevention system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D917

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