【摘要】： 未成年人犯罪是當(dāng)今世界所共同面臨的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。近些年來(lái),我國(guó)未成年人犯罪人數(shù)及所占比例居高不下,其犯罪行為已經(jīng)對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞,對(duì)當(dāng)前社會(huì)穩(wěn)定構(gòu)成了一定的威脅。未成年人犯罪已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)當(dāng)前刑事犯罪活動(dòng)中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,預(yù)防未成年人犯罪已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)社會(huì)面臨的亟需解決的重要任務(wù)。我國(guó)未成年人犯罪具有以下共性特征:(一)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)單純,偶然性、激情性犯罪突出:(二)犯罪形式以共同犯罪、團(tuán)伙作案為主;(三)犯罪類(lèi)型多元化、集中化;(四)犯罪主體日趨低齡化;(五)再犯罪率高;(六)既是受害者,又是害人者。在犯罪原因的理論研究中,中西方學(xué)者都給出了自己的答案。刑事古典學(xué)派認(rèn)為犯罪是由于人性自私、自由意志選擇和功利主義(享樂(lè)主義)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果;犯罪人類(lèi)學(xué)派認(rèn)為犯罪是由生物特征、生物本能和人的心理、精神因素決定的;犯罪社會(huì)學(xué)派則認(rèn)為犯罪是社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)沖突等社會(huì)因素影響和作用的結(jié)果。我國(guó)學(xué)者則認(rèn)為犯罪是個(gè)體和社會(huì)共同作用的結(jié)果,具體又有不同的細(xì)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文采用我國(guó)學(xué)者的內(nèi)外因素論觀點(diǎn),將未成年人犯罪的原因分為內(nèi)外因進(jìn)行分析。其中,未成年人犯罪內(nèi)因是未成年人特殊的身心因素,未成年人犯罪外因是家庭因素、學(xué)校因素、社會(huì)因素和司法因素的總和。未成年人犯罪是多方面因素共同作用的結(jié)果。探究未成年人犯罪的具體原因,是為了更好的預(yù)防和減少未成年人犯罪。未成年人犯罪預(yù)防是可行的,而且意義重大。目前,我國(guó)未成年人犯罪預(yù)防的工作雖然取得了一些成效,但是總體仍差強(qiáng)人意,社會(huì)各方對(duì)未成年人犯罪預(yù)防工作未能形成合力。本文結(jié)合中西方犯罪原因理論觀點(diǎn),針對(duì)未成年人犯罪的具體原因,提出預(yù)防未成年人犯罪應(yīng)堅(jiān)持教育與保護(hù)相結(jié)合、及時(shí)防治、依法治理和科學(xué)性原則,并提出未成年人犯罪預(yù)防的具體措施建議:(一)未成年人應(yīng)切實(shí)提高自身的綜合素質(zhì)和自我控制能力,塑造和健全人格,發(fā)揮自身預(yù)防犯罪的主體作用;(二)注重家庭教育,強(qiáng)化家庭預(yù)防犯罪功能;(三)凈化社會(huì)環(huán)境,減少未成年人犯罪的引誘因素;(四)完善司法制度,改造、教育未成年犯。只要我們重視未成年人犯罪問(wèn)題,不斷地研究它的規(guī)律和原因,從而采取有效措施堵住其犯罪源頭,則可以將未成年人犯罪率控制在較低水平。
[Abstract]:Juvenile delinquency is a common social problem in the world today. In recent years, the number and proportion of juvenile delinquency in our country has remained high, and its criminal behavior has caused serious damage to our economy and posed a certain threat to the current social stability. Juvenile delinquency has become a hot issue in the current criminal activities of our country, and the prevention of juvenile delinquency has become an important task to be solved urgently in our society. The common features of juvenile delinquency in our country are as follows: (1) the crime motive is simple, accidental, and passionate crime is prominent; (2) the form of crime is joint crime, the main form of crime is gang crime; (3) the type of crime is diversified. Centralization; (4) the younger age of the subject of crime; (5) the high rate of recidivism; (6) both the victim and the victim. In the theoretical study of the causes of crime, Chinese and Western scholars have given their own answers. The classical criminal school holds that crime is the result of human selfishness, free will choice and utilitarianism (hedonism), and that crime is determined by biological characteristics, biological instinct and psychological and spiritual factors. The crime society school thinks that crime is the result of social structure, social conflict and other social factors. Chinese scholars believe that crime is the result of the interaction of individual and society, and there are different subdivision criteria. Based on the theory of internal and external factors of Chinese scholars, the causes of juvenile delinquency are divided into internal and external causes. Among them, the internal cause of juvenile delinquency is the special mental and physical factors of minors, and the external cause of juvenile delinquency is the sum of family factors, school factors, social factors and judicial factors. Juvenile delinquency is the result of various factors. To explore the specific causes of juvenile delinquency is to better prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency. The prevention of juvenile delinquency is feasible and significant. At present, although some achievements have been made in the prevention of juvenile delinquency in our country, the overall situation is still unsatisfactory, and all parties in the society have failed to form a joint effort for the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Based on the theory of crime cause between China and the West, and aiming at the specific causes of juvenile delinquency, this paper puts forward that the prevention of juvenile delinquency should be based on the combination of education and protection, timely prevention and treatment, and the principle of managing according to law and being scientific. And put forward the specific measures of juvenile crime prevention: (1) minors should effectively improve their comprehensive quality and self-control ability, shape and perfect personality, play their own role in crime prevention; (2) pay attention to family education, Strengthen the function of family crime prevention; (3) purify the social environment and reduce the inducement factors of juvenile delinquency; (4) perfect the judicial system, reform and educate the juvenile delinquents. So long as we attach importance to the problem of juvenile delinquency, constantly study its law and reason, and take effective measures to stop its source of crime, we can control the juvenile crime rate at a lower level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：C913.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王燕;我國(guó)未成年人刑事案件社會(huì)調(diào)查報(bào)告內(nèi)容研究[D];燕山大學(xué);2010年

2 楊洋;未成年人犯罪的預(yù)防與學(xué)校教育策略研究[D];信陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院;2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2119483