本文選題：城市戶籍制度改革 + 地方實踐　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 當代中國戶籍制度是計劃經(jīng)濟時代為保障重工業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略而推行的一套社會經(jīng)濟管理制度，隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的逐步建立，戶籍制度的不合理性日益凸顯。戶籍制度需要改革，但是又難以改革，當前，戶籍制度改革已經(jīng)成為中國社會運行中繼續(xù)尋找出路的實踐命題。 盡管自20世紀80年代中期開始，我國的戶籍制度改革逐步成為民眾、政府管理部門和學術(shù)界普遍關(guān)注的熱點問題之一，至今為止有關(guān)戶籍制度改革地方實踐的專門、系統(tǒng)論述尚不多見。本文選取城市為研究地域，基于實踐分析和理論總結(jié)兩條思路，對改革開放以來的戶籍制度改革地方實踐進行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究。 基于戶籍制度改革的利益視角，本文首先對地方戶籍制度改革選擇進行了理性分析，并簡要回顧了改革開放以來地方戶籍制度改革的基本歷程。梳理地方采取的主要改革舉措，總結(jié)了地方改革的階段性特征：1980年代中央主導、地方執(zhí)行，1990年代地方探索、中央默認，1990年代末期以來中央指導、地方因地制宜推行。其次，考察了暫住證制度的建立背景，并分別以省、市為研究單位，借助于地方頒布的暫住人口管理法規(guī)規(guī)章，對暫住證制度在省區(qū)間和城市間的地理擴散模式進行了重點分析。再次，從地方戶籍制度改革的演進及其時空發(fā)展關(guān)系、改革內(nèi)容與效果的地區(qū)差異、改革的積極意義與局限性三個角度，對小城鎮(zhèn)戶籍制度改革、城鎮(zhèn)戶口商品化“改革”、人才居住證制度、社會關(guān)系落戶政策的地方實踐進行了系統(tǒng)分析。最后，本文從戶籍制度改革價值取向、地方戶籍制度改革的動力來源、戶籍制度改革的地理擴散模式及區(qū)域模仿學習三個方面總結(jié)了戶籍制度改革地方實踐的啟示。 本文提出了以下主要觀點： 一、地方政府的戶籍制度改革選擇及改革力度，主要考慮兩點：是否有利于促進地方經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，戶籍人口增長帶來的公共服務(wù)壓力有多大。相應(yīng)的改革實踐往往呈現(xiàn)出過分注重發(fā)展和淡化民生的傾向。 二、暫住證制度的地理擴散模式主要呈現(xiàn)以下幾方面的特征：由省向市等級擴散；時間維度上，呈現(xiàn)“S形曲線”特征，符合創(chuàng)新擴散的一般規(guī)律；空間維度上，鄰近效應(yīng)顯著，然而影響范圍局限于周邊“同質(zhì)”地域；區(qū)域模仿學習占據(jù)主導地位，創(chuàng)新性表現(xiàn)不明顯。 三、小城鎮(zhèn)戶籍制度改革的地方實踐表明，市場經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是戶籍制度改革的根本推動力，表現(xiàn)為地方實施小城鎮(zhèn)戶籍制度改革的時間和效果與地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平密切相關(guān)。經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)最好、發(fā)展勢頭最快的東南沿海小城鎮(zhèn)是最早實施改革的城鎮(zhèn)，也是改革實施效果最好的地區(qū)，中部地區(qū)次之，西部小城鎮(zhèn)實施改革的時間最晚，且效果最差。 四、城鎮(zhèn)戶口商品化“改革”反映的是地方政府與公民之間以城鎮(zhèn)戶口為商品的交易過程，這一過程中，獲得戶口的條件隨行就“市”，戶口參與市場交易的特征顯著：非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口的“商品價值”與城市等級和城區(qū)位置呈正比關(guān)系，城市級別越高，城區(qū)位置越好，須支付的相應(yīng)費用就越高。 五、人才居住證制度在具有不可否認的積極意義的同時，其局限和不足也不容忽視。人才居住證制度的實質(zhì)是以引進人才為目的的工具性政策，，它僅賦予城市需要的外來人才部分“市民待遇”，一定程度上背離了公共服務(wù)均等化的戶籍制度改革目標；上海市人才居住證制度的實踐表明，持證人實際享有的待遇與“市民待遇”存在不小的差距，縮小“市民待遇”差距是亟待重視的問題。 六、大城市戶籍制度改革過程中，對民生戶口問題的關(guān)注普遍不夠。嬰兒落戶、投靠落戶等落戶政策的地方實踐表明，大城市對社會關(guān)系落戶政策設(shè)置了若干限制性條件。加大戶籍制度改革中人性操作的力度，堅持發(fā)展目標與民生目標相結(jié)合，是大城市戶籍制度改革應(yīng)該堅持的原則。 七、戶籍制度改革的價值取向應(yīng)該定位于戶籍身份平等和遷徙自由，兩者缺一不可。應(yīng)該盡量避免戶籍制度改革基于現(xiàn)實功利立場，偏離價值取向的做法。 八、地方戶籍制度改革的動力來源于引進資金和人才、促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，壓力來源于中央政府的安排和當?shù)厝罕姷拿裆V求等。地方改革實踐表明，由動力驅(qū)動的地方改革往往過度發(fā)展，由壓力推動的地方改革極易半途而廢或流于形式。 九、戶籍制度改革的地理擴散過程，在空間維度上，表現(xiàn)為不完全的鄰近效應(yīng)，即擴散過程中的鄰近效應(yīng)顯著，但影響范圍局限于周邊“同質(zhì)”地域，在空間上表現(xiàn)為扇形或帶狀擴散形式，卻并沒有呈現(xiàn)由近及遠的連續(xù)波狀擴展擴散形式。 十、在戶籍制度改革的地理擴散過程中，無論從地區(qū)政府采納新政策的行為來看，還是從地區(qū)實施的新政策的內(nèi)容上來看，區(qū)域模仿學習都占據(jù)主導地位，創(chuàng)新性表現(xiàn)不明顯。如何提高地方政府進行制度再創(chuàng)新的意識和能力，克服所謂的“復制模式”是亟待研究的重要課題。
[Abstract]:The household registration system in contemporary China is a set of social and economic management system implemented in the era of planned economy in order to guarantee the priority of heavy industry. With the gradual establishment of the socialist market economy system, the unreasonableness of the household registration system is becoming increasingly prominent. The household registration system needs reform, but it is difficult to reform. At present, the reform of the household registration system has become a medium. The practical proposition of continuing to find a way out in the social operation of our country.
Since the middle of the 1980s, the reform of the household registration system in China has gradually become one of the popular issues in the government and the academic circles. So far, there are few systematic discussions on the local practice of the reform of the household registration system. This paper selects city as a study area, based on practical analysis and theoretical summary. The two idea is to conduct a systematic study of the local practice in the reform of household registration system since the reform and opening up.
Based on the interest perspective of the reform of the household registration system, this paper first makes a rational analysis of the reform and selection of the local household registration system, and briefly reviews the basic course of the reform of the local household registration system since the reform and opening up. It combs the main reform measures taken by the local government and summarizes the stage characteristics of the local reform: the central leadership in 1980s and the local implementation. In 1990s, the central government acquiesce, the Central Committee has been instructed by the Central Committee since the end of the 1990s, and the local local conditions are carried out. Secondly, the establishment background of the temporary residence permit system is examined, and the provinces and cities are taken as the research units, and the local population management regulations and regulations promulgated by the local authorities have been used, and the geographical diffusion model of the temporary residence permit system in the province and the cities is carried out. Again, from the evolution of the reform of the local household registration system, the relationship between the time and space development, the regional difference of the reform content and effect, the positive significance and the limitation of the reform, the reform of the household registration system in small towns, the "reform" of the commercialization of urban household registration, the residence permit system of the talents and the social relations policy are three points of view. In the end, this paper summarizes the Enlightenment of the local practice of the household registration system reform from three aspects: the value orientation of the reform of the household registration system, the power source of the reform of the local household registration system, the geographical diffusion model of the household registration system and the regional imitation learning.
This paper puts forward the following main points of view:
First, the reform selection and reform of the local government's household registration system mainly consider two points: whether it is conducive to the promotion of local economic development and the pressure of public service brought by the growth of the household registration population. The corresponding reform practice tends to show the tendency to pay too much attention to the development and desalination of the people's livelihood.
Two, the geographical diffusion model of the temporary residence permit system mainly presents the following characteristics: from the province to the city level diffusion; on the time dimension, the characteristics of "S shaped curve" are in line with the general rule of innovation diffusion; in space dimension, the proximity effect is significant, but the influence scope is limited to the surrounding "homogeneity" region, and the regional imitation learning is occupied. According to the dominant position, the performance of innovation is not obvious.
Three, the local practice of the reform of the household registration system in small towns shows that the development of the market economy is the fundamental driving force for the reform of the household registration system. The time and effect of the reform of the household registration system in small towns are closely related to the level of regional economic development. The economic foundation is best, and the fastest developing small towns in the southeast coastal areas are the earliest implementation reform. Cities and towns are also the best areas for reform implementation, followed by the central region, and the implementation of the reform is the worst in the western small towns.
Four, the "reform" of the commercialization of urban household accounts reflects the transaction process between the local government and the citizen with the urban household registration as a commodity. In this process, the condition of obtaining the registered permanent residence is "city", and the characteristic of the registered permanent residence participation market transaction is remarkable: the "commodity value" of the non-agricultural account is in direct proportion to the city grade and the city position. The higher the city level, the better the location of the city is, the higher the cost will be to pay.
Five, at the same time, the system of talent residence permit has an undeniable positive significance, and its limitations and shortcomings can not be ignored. The essence of the system of residence permit is a tool policy aimed at the introduction of talents. It only endows the urban needs of the foreign talents with the "citizen treatment", to a certain extent, it deviates from the equalized household registration of the public service. The goal of the system reform is that the practice of the residence permit system in Shanghai shows that there is not a small gap between the actual treatment of the witness and the "citizen treatment", and it is a problem to be paid attention to to narrow the gap of "citizen treatment".
Six, in the process of the reform of the household registration system in large cities, the concern about the livelihood of the people's livelihood is generally not enough. The local practice of the policy of falling into the household and falling into the household shows that the big cities have set up some restrictive conditions for the policy of social relations, and increase the strength of human operation in the reform of the household registration system and adhere to the goals of the development and the goals of the people's livelihood. Combination is the principle that should be adhered to in the reform of household registration system in big cities.
Seven, the value orientation of the reform of the household registration system should be based on the equality of household registration and freedom of migration. Both of them are indispensable. We should try to avoid the practice of the reform of the household registration system, which is based on the practical utilitarian position and deviates from the value orientation.
Eight, the impetus of the reform of the local household registration system comes from the introduction of funds and talents to promote economic development. The pressure comes from the arrangements of the central government and the demands of the people of the local people. The local reform practice shows that the local reform driven by the power is often overdeveloped, and the local reform pushed by pressure is easily abandoned by the way or in the form.
Nine, the geographical diffusion process of the reform of the household registration system shows an incomplete proximity effect in the spatial dimension, that is, the proximity effect in the diffusion process is significant, but the scope of the influence is limited to the surrounding "homogeneity" region, and it is fan-shaped or banded diffusion in space, but it does not present a near and far continuous spread form of spread and diffusion.
Ten, in the geographical diffusion process of the reform of the household registration system, no matter from the behavior of the new policies adopted by the regional government, or from the content of the new policies implemented in the region, the regional imitation learning occupies the dominant position, and the innovative performance is not obvious. How to improve the consciousness and ability of the local government to carry out the system re innovation and overcome the so-called "Replication mode" is an important subject that needs to be studied.

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D631.42

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王文錄;郁利燕;;走向一元化:我國戶籍制度深化改革構(gòu)想[J];城市發(fā)展研究;2010年08期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 嚴士清;新中國戶籍制度演變歷程與改革路徑研究[D];華東師范大學;2012年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前5條

1 郭其路;重慶市“農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)城”戶籍改革中的問題及對策研究[D];西南大學;2011年

2 劉娟;論中國公民遷徙自由權(quán)的法律保障[D];南京航空航天大學;2011年

3 吳芬蘭;以戶籍制度改革為核心推動農(nóng)民工市民化[D];華僑大學;2011年

4 陳涓;戶籍制度與資源配置研究[D];天津大學;2012年

5 熊明;基于農(nóng)民工市民化的重慶戶籍制度改革實踐研究[D];重慶工商大學;2012年

本文編號：1803134