本文選題：痕跡鑒定　切入點(diǎn)：鑒定意見(jiàn)　出處：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代法律與鑒定科學(xué)中,法律和鑒定意見(jiàn)兩者的關(guān)系從相互抵觸質(zhì)疑到磨合質(zhì)證再到相互促進(jìn),這個(gè)過(guò)程中兩者發(fā)生的變化已難以詳細(xì)追根索源。然而兩者的邏輯關(guān)系在當(dāng)下仍然模糊不清且難以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清晰地界定,其主要體現(xiàn)在庭審過(guò)程中法官認(rèn)證能力不足、鑒定客體證明力不足、審判程序存在缺陷、庭審認(rèn)證責(zé)任歸屬等突出問(wèn)題。就痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)而言,它在庭審認(rèn)證中則是“以事實(shí)為依據(jù),以法律為準(zhǔn)繩”的根本體現(xiàn)。然而我國(guó)目前對(duì)痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)庭審認(rèn)證的理論與實(shí)踐的研究明顯偏少,因此本文選擇對(duì)其顯現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探析并提出相應(yīng)的解決建議。本文共分為四個(gè)部分第一章是痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)的基礎(chǔ)理論部分。探討了痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)的理論基礎(chǔ),首先重點(diǎn)闡述得出痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)應(yīng)具備程序上的正當(dāng)性,其次討論了痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)作為庭審證據(jù)的客觀證據(jù)的可接受性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以上探析為本文對(duì)痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)與庭審認(rèn)證兩者的結(jié)合研究提供了理論依據(jù)。第二章是痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)庭審認(rèn)證的概述。該部分首先對(duì)痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)作為客觀證據(jù)在庭審認(rèn)證中發(fā)揮的作用進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)探析了兩者密切結(jié)合的相關(guān)理論依據(jù)。最后從相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的立法角度和司法審判的實(shí)踐運(yùn)用中分析痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)在庭審認(rèn)證的過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題。第三章為痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)在審判程序中的質(zhì)證分析。首先分析了法官對(duì)痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)認(rèn)證能力不足,包括:法官對(duì)證據(jù)證明力認(rèn)識(shí)不足;法官在審判過(guò)程中的質(zhì)證能力不足;法官的對(duì)鑒定意見(jiàn)辨析的整體理論知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備不足。其次對(duì)痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)自身存在的客觀問(wèn)題缺陷進(jìn)行了分析,也對(duì)痕跡鑒定庭審認(rèn)證兩者的結(jié)合從程序上缺陷進(jìn)行了探析。最后就鑒定意見(jiàn)的認(rèn)證責(zé)任歸屬問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究并提出了劃分認(rèn)證責(zé)任的理論建議。第四章是痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)庭審認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的探析。只有從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化認(rèn)證的概念出發(fā),作為科學(xué)的司法鑒定和法律工作才能基本在刑事訴訟中達(dá)到統(tǒng)一。所以針對(duì)本文前三部分所分析的問(wèn)題本文于第四章提出了痕跡鑒定意見(jiàn)在庭審認(rèn)證過(guò)程中的一些客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建議。主要包括:認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建議、認(rèn)證采信依據(jù)的建議以及認(rèn)證的技術(shù)程序規(guī)范建議。該章節(jié)不僅是對(duì)本文所提出相關(guān)問(wèn)題質(zhì)疑的解答也是本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)之所在。
[Abstract]:In modern law and appraisal science, the relationship between law and appraisal opinion is from conflicting questioning to running-in cross-examination to mutual promotion. In this process, it is difficult to trace the root source of the two changes in detail.However, the logical relationship between the two is still unclear and difficult to define clearly, which is mainly reflected in the lack of judges' authentication ability, the lack of object proof, and the defects of the trial procedure.Trial authentication responsibility attribution and other outstanding issues.As far as the opinion of trace identification is concerned, it is the fundamental embodiment of "based on facts and rule by law" in the trial certification.However, at present, the research on the theory and practice of the trail appraisal opinion court authentication in our country is on the low side, so this paper chooses to analyze the problems and put forward the corresponding solutions.This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the basic theory part of trace identification opinion.This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the opinion of trace identification. Firstly, it expounds that the opinion of trace identification should have procedural legitimacy, and then discusses the standard of acceptability of the opinion of trace identification as objective evidence of trial evidence.The above analysis provides a theoretical basis for the research of the combination of trace identification opinion and trial authentication.The second chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication summary.In this part, the author analyzes the function of trace identification opinion as objective evidence in the trial certification, and analyzes the relevant theoretical basis for the close combination of the two.Finally, from the legislative angle of relevant laws and regulations and the practice of judicial trial, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of judicial authentication.The third chapter is the trace appraisal opinion in the trial procedure cross-examination analysis.Firstly, the author analyzes the lack of the judge's ability to authenticate the opinion of trace identification, including: the judge's insufficient understanding of the power of proof; the insufficiency of the judge's ability of cross-examination in the course of trial; the lack of the whole theoretical knowledge reserve of judge's discriminating opinion.Secondly, the paper analyzes the defects of trace identification opinion itself, and also analyzes the procedural defects of the combination of trace identification and trial authentication.Finally, this paper studies the attribution of authentication responsibility and puts forward some theoretical suggestions on how to divide the authentication responsibility.The fourth chapter is the trace appraisal opinion trial authentication standard analysis.Only from the concept of standardized authentication, as a scientific judicial identification and legal work can basically achieve unity in criminal proceedings.Therefore, in the fourth chapter, the author puts forward some objective standard suggestions of trace identification opinion in the process of court authentication for the problems analyzed in the first three parts of this paper.Mainly include: the recommendation of the certification standard, the recommendation of the basis of the certification and the recommendation of the technical procedure of the certification.This chapter is not only the answer to the questions raised in this paper, but also the innovation of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D918.91

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