民事審判視野下的習(xí)慣運(yùn)用
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-20 05:24
【摘要】：習(xí)慣作為糾紛解決的一種有效的本土資源,在司法實(shí)踐中一直未得到應(yīng)有的重視,直到近年來,隨著和諧社會命題的提出以及對司法解決糾紛功能的重視,習(xí)慣司法運(yùn)用的研究才在習(xí)慣(法)研究的基礎(chǔ)上逐漸發(fā)展起來。法院本身也在追求審判的法律效果與社會效果的統(tǒng)一,實(shí)踐中不斷有一些法院嘗試運(yùn)用習(xí)慣解決糾紛取得良好社會效果,實(shí)務(wù)界的探索也開始不斷深入,2007年最高人民法院將“和諧司法視野下民俗習(xí)慣的運(yùn)用”作為重點(diǎn)調(diào)研課題之一,對于習(xí)慣的司法運(yùn)用開始從制度層面上進(jìn)行關(guān)注。通過對習(xí)慣應(yīng)用實(shí)例的收集和思考,筆者認(rèn)為,民事審判工作中應(yīng)當(dāng)重視習(xí)慣的功能和價值,通過適當(dāng)?shù)某绦蛘{(diào)整對習(xí)慣進(jìn)行有效運(yùn)用,所以本文主要從民事審判中如何有效運(yùn)用習(xí)慣解決糾紛進(jìn)行研究。文章主要分為四個大的部分,各部分主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章從理論上為探討習(xí)慣進(jìn)入民事審判工作奠定基礎(chǔ),首先從以下三個方面界定了習(xí)慣的內(nèi)涵：一是一定范圍內(nèi)的人們在生產(chǎn)生活中長期形成并被普遍遵守；二是具有一定的約束性；三是獨(dú)立于國家制定法之外。然后分析了在民事審判中對習(xí)慣進(jìn)行運(yùn)用的合理性,主要從習(xí)慣在審判中進(jìn)行運(yùn)用有一定的法律支持和運(yùn)用空間,以及習(xí)慣本土而生性有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)審判的社會效果兩個方面進(jìn)行闡述。 第二章主要從民事審判實(shí)踐的角度對運(yùn)用習(xí)慣解決糾紛的案件進(jìn)行分析,以成功運(yùn)用習(xí)慣解決糾紛的案例,說明習(xí)慣是可用的。通過分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)習(xí)慣在民事審判實(shí)踐中主要通過以下途徑得到運(yùn)用：第一,在法律規(guī)范的選擇中被直接或間接運(yùn)用；第二,在事實(shí)認(rèn)定中作為經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則被運(yùn)用；第三,在說理過程中作為說理的依據(jù)被運(yùn)用。通過習(xí)慣的運(yùn)用,一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了規(guī)則的不足和空白,限制了法官的自由裁量權(quán),同時運(yùn)用當(dāng)事人熟知的規(guī)則解決糾紛,有利于案結(jié)事了,定爭止紛。 第三章直面習(xí)慣在民事審判實(shí)踐運(yùn)用中存在的問題,以為制度構(gòu)建提供借鑒性指引。習(xí)慣在民事審判實(shí)踐中存在的主要障礙和問題是,由于對于習(xí)慣運(yùn)用于民事審判的研究尚不充分,實(shí)踐中或者缺乏對于將習(xí)慣引入民事審判工作的程序性規(guī)定,或者程序性規(guī)定模糊不確定,為實(shí)踐操作帶來很大的不確定性；另一方面,習(xí)慣作為非官方規(guī)范參與民事審判過程,不可避免會與國家法產(chǎn)生沖突。 最后一章從民事審判程序上對習(xí)慣的運(yùn)用提出建議。主要是從如何將習(xí)慣引入民事審判程序,如何對習(xí)慣進(jìn)行舉證和效力確認(rèn)以及如何引導(dǎo)法官對習(xí)慣進(jìn)行運(yùn)用三個方面來具體闡述。在習(xí)慣的引入程序上,筆者認(rèn)為,當(dāng)事人可以在提起訴訟時和訴訟進(jìn)行中提出運(yùn)用習(xí)慣,而法官不能主動提出習(xí)慣的運(yùn)用,只能在特定條件下運(yùn)用釋明權(quán)提出；在習(xí)慣的舉證方面,主張習(xí)慣運(yùn)用的當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)對習(xí)慣承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任,法官具有查明習(xí)慣效力的義務(wù),即審查習(xí)慣運(yùn)用于個案時是否符合合法性的要求；此外,通過設(shè)立地區(qū)案例指導(dǎo)的方式,發(fā)揮個案的典型、指導(dǎo)作用,從觀念以及適用方式方面引導(dǎo)法官運(yùn)用習(xí)慣解決糾紛,也能在一定程度上統(tǒng)一習(xí)慣運(yùn)用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和尺度,減少同案不同判現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。本章中,關(guān)于習(xí)慣的合法性驗(yàn)證以及地區(qū)案例指導(dǎo)制度的論述是文章力求有所突破和創(chuàng)新之處。
[Abstract]:As an effective domestic resource for dispute settlement, it has not been paid much attention in judicial practice, and in recent years, with the proposition of the harmonious society and the importance of the function of judicial settlement, The study of the application of the habit of justice is gradually developed on the basis of the study of the habit (law). The court itself is also in the pursuit of the unification of the legal effect of the trial and the social effect. In practice, some courts have tried to apply the customary solution to the dispute to achieve a good social effect, and the exploration of the practical community has also begun to deepen. In 2007, the Supreme People's Court regarded the "The Application of Folk Custom in the View of Harmonious Justice" as one of the key research subjects. The judicial application of the custom begins to focus on the system level. Through the collection and thinking of the practice of the practice, the author thinks that the function and value of the habit should be paid more attention to in the work of civil trial, and the effective application of the custom can be adjusted through the proper procedure adjustment, so the article mainly studies how to apply the customary solution to the dispute in the civil trial. The article is divided into four major parts, and the main contents of each part are as follows: In the first chapter, based on the theory of the study of the practice of entering the civil trial, the first part defines the inner part of the habit from the following three aspects Culvert: One is that people in a certain range are formed in the production and living for a long time and are generally observed; the other is a certain binding force; and the third is independent of the national development method. In addition, the rationality of the application of the habit in the civil trial is analyzed, and the application of the habit in the trial has some legal support and the application of space, as well as the social effect which is favorable to the realization of the trial. The second chapter mainly analyzes the cases of using the customary solution of the dispute from the angle of the practice of the civil trial, so as to successfully apply the case of the habit to solve the dispute, and explain the habit It can be used in the practice of civil trial. First, it is applied directly or indirectly in the choice of the legal norm; secondly, it is used as the rule of thumb in the fact-finding; and thirdly, it is the basis of the theory in the course of the theory. by the application of the habit, the insufficiency and the blank of the rules are made up to a certain extent, the discretion of the judge is limited, the disputes are solved by using the well-known rules of the parties, The third chapter is to face the problems existing in the practice of civil trial practice, and to provide for the construction of the system The main obstacles and problems used in the practice of civil trial are, because the research on the application of the habit to the civil trial is not sufficient, the practice or the lack of the procedural rules for the introduction of the habit into the civil trial, or the procedural rules Fuzzy uncertainty brings great uncertainty to practical operation; on the other hand, as an unofficial norm, it is inevitable to be involved in the process of civil trial The conflict of law. The last chapter is used to the civil procedure. The main part is how to introduce the habit into the civil trial procedure, how to prove the habit, and how to guide the judge to use the habit On the basis of the introduction of the habit, the author thinks that the parties can make the application of the habit in the course of bringing the suit and the lawsuit, and the judge can't put forward the application of the habit, and can only use the right of interpretation under certain conditions; and In the case of the habit of proof, the parties to the practice should bear the burden of proof for the habit, and the judge has the obligation to ascertain the effectiveness of the habit, that is, to examine whether the customary application is in conformity with the requirements of the legality in the case of a case, and, in addition, to play a case by establishing a regional case guide The guiding principle, from the concept and the way of application, can lead the judge to apply the habit to solve the dispute, also can unify the standard and the measure of the application of the custom to a certain extent, and reduce the same case. In this chapter, the verification of the validity of the habits and the discussion of the regional case guidance system are the articles in this chapter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.4;D925.1
本文編號：2502971
[Abstract]:As an effective domestic resource for dispute settlement, it has not been paid much attention in judicial practice, and in recent years, with the proposition of the harmonious society and the importance of the function of judicial settlement, The study of the application of the habit of justice is gradually developed on the basis of the study of the habit (law). The court itself is also in the pursuit of the unification of the legal effect of the trial and the social effect. In practice, some courts have tried to apply the customary solution to the dispute to achieve a good social effect, and the exploration of the practical community has also begun to deepen. In 2007, the Supreme People's Court regarded the "The Application of Folk Custom in the View of Harmonious Justice" as one of the key research subjects. The judicial application of the custom begins to focus on the system level. Through the collection and thinking of the practice of the practice, the author thinks that the function and value of the habit should be paid more attention to in the work of civil trial, and the effective application of the custom can be adjusted through the proper procedure adjustment, so the article mainly studies how to apply the customary solution to the dispute in the civil trial. The article is divided into four major parts, and the main contents of each part are as follows: In the first chapter, based on the theory of the study of the practice of entering the civil trial, the first part defines the inner part of the habit from the following three aspects Culvert: One is that people in a certain range are formed in the production and living for a long time and are generally observed; the other is a certain binding force; and the third is independent of the national development method. In addition, the rationality of the application of the habit in the civil trial is analyzed, and the application of the habit in the trial has some legal support and the application of space, as well as the social effect which is favorable to the realization of the trial. The second chapter mainly analyzes the cases of using the customary solution of the dispute from the angle of the practice of the civil trial, so as to successfully apply the case of the habit to solve the dispute, and explain the habit It can be used in the practice of civil trial. First, it is applied directly or indirectly in the choice of the legal norm; secondly, it is used as the rule of thumb in the fact-finding; and thirdly, it is the basis of the theory in the course of the theory. by the application of the habit, the insufficiency and the blank of the rules are made up to a certain extent, the discretion of the judge is limited, the disputes are solved by using the well-known rules of the parties, The third chapter is to face the problems existing in the practice of civil trial practice, and to provide for the construction of the system The main obstacles and problems used in the practice of civil trial are, because the research on the application of the habit to the civil trial is not sufficient, the practice or the lack of the procedural rules for the introduction of the habit into the civil trial, or the procedural rules Fuzzy uncertainty brings great uncertainty to practical operation; on the other hand, as an unofficial norm, it is inevitable to be involved in the process of civil trial The conflict of law. The last chapter is used to the civil procedure. The main part is how to introduce the habit into the civil trial procedure, how to prove the habit, and how to guide the judge to use the habit On the basis of the introduction of the habit, the author thinks that the parties can make the application of the habit in the course of bringing the suit and the lawsuit, and the judge can't put forward the application of the habit, and can only use the right of interpretation under certain conditions; and In the case of the habit of proof, the parties to the practice should bear the burden of proof for the habit, and the judge has the obligation to ascertain the effectiveness of the habit, that is, to examine whether the customary application is in conformity with the requirements of the legality in the case of a case, and, in addition, to play a case by establishing a regional case guide The guiding principle, from the concept and the way of application, can lead the judge to apply the habit to solve the dispute, also can unify the standard and the measure of the application of the custom to a certain extent, and reduce the same case. In this chapter, the verification of the validity of the habits and the discussion of the regional case guidance system are the articles in this chapter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.4;D925.1
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