民國(guó)北京政府懲治盜匪法規(guī)及其實(shí)施
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-16 20:32
【摘要】：民國(guó)北京政府時(shí)期的中國(guó)是動(dòng)蕩不安的。政治上，各種勢(shì)力在爭(zhēng)奪中央政權(quán)，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)不斷；經(jīng)濟(jì)上，受國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊，小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)在破產(chǎn)邊緣，再加上自然災(zāi)害頻仍，大量民眾流離失所，遷徙各地；種種原因造成地方秩序不穩(wěn)，各地盜賊橫行，土匪遍地。面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻匪情，北京政府除了使用軍隊(duì)剿匪外，還試圖通過(guò)法治途徑解決問(wèn)題。除了援引晚清法律外，當(dāng)局還遵循“刑亂世用重典”的傳統(tǒng)制定了一些刑事特別法規(guī)，嚴(yán)厲處罰盜匪犯罪。本文通過(guò)對(duì)懲治盜匪法規(guī)內(nèi)容的分析及其司法運(yùn)作的實(shí)施過(guò)程的觀察，從而加深對(duì)民國(guó)法律近代化進(jìn)程的認(rèn)識(shí)。 本文結(jié)構(gòu)由導(dǎo)言和正文四章組成。 導(dǎo)言部分首先介紹了本文的選題緣由，并回顧了已有研究狀況。其次界定了盜匪的概念，并對(duì)民初盜匪的概況及成因作了初步分析。接著列舉了盜匪的分類。最后比較了盜匪與秘密社會(huì)、盜匪與士兵的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。 正文第一章是關(guān)于懲治盜匪法規(guī)的主要內(nèi)容。其重點(diǎn)是刑事特別法及附屬施行辦法，尤其是《懲治盜匪法》�！稇椭伪I匪法》的內(nèi)容涵蓋了實(shí)體法和程序法兩方面，其特點(diǎn)在于規(guī)定了盜匪罪的法定刑為絕對(duì)死刑，簡(jiǎn)化了審判程序和死刑復(fù)核程序，并規(guī)定罪犯不得上訴，并且賦予軍事長(zhǎng)官合法審判權(quán)。其他相關(guān)法規(guī)主要是關(guān)于警察、保衛(wèi)團(tuán)、商團(tuán)等有權(quán)抓捕盜匪之機(jī)構(gòu)的組織法規(guī)。 第二章從總體上分析了懲治盜匪法規(guī)的實(shí)施情況。首先從執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、司法機(jī)構(gòu)入手，對(duì)地方機(jī)構(gòu)和軍事機(jī)構(gòu)的懲治盜匪的職責(zé)和獎(jiǎng)懲分別展開(kāi)敘述。然后是明確了懲治盜匪法規(guī)本身的時(shí)間效力和對(duì)人效力。最后統(tǒng)計(jì)了歷年盜匪案件的數(shù)量及執(zhí)行死刑的人數(shù)，通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)直觀地反映出《懲治盜匪法》實(shí)施后帶來(lái)的影響。 第三章是以大理院有關(guān)盜匪案件的解釋例、判例為中心研究懲治盜匪法規(guī)的司法實(shí)施情況。通過(guò)對(duì)收集的解釋例、判例展開(kāi)分析，總結(jié)出大理院在法律適用、司法官權(quán)限審判程序、定罪量刑等方面對(duì)盜匪案件審判工作的特別指導(dǎo)和解釋。最后對(duì)《懲治盜匪法》施行前后的判例進(jìn)行比較，從微觀層面展示了《懲治盜匪法》對(duì)盜匪案件司法實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生的影響。 第四章是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分。《懲治盜匪法》的出臺(tái)深受傳統(tǒng)重刑思想的影響，有歷史的合理性，，并且發(fā)揮了一定的積極作用。但是由于法規(guī)本身的缺陷以及軍人、行政權(quán)的干預(yù)，更關(guān)鍵的是憲法的缺失，使得法律的實(shí)施偏離了法治的軌道，最終充當(dāng)了有權(quán)者的殺人工具，淪為臭名昭著的惡法。
[Abstract]:China was volatile during the period of the Beijing government in the Republic of China. Politically, all kinds of forces are fighting for central power and civil war. Economically, under the impact of the international economy, the smallholder economy is on the brink of bankruptcy, coupled with the frequent natural disasters, a large number of people are displaced and migrated to various parts of the country. Various reasons cause local order instability, thieves everywhere, bandits everywhere. In the face of severe bandits, the Beijing government not only uses the army to suppress bandits, but also tries to solve the problem through the rule of law. In addition to invoking the laws of the late Qing Dynasty, the authorities also followed the tradition of "severe punishment" to formulate some special criminal regulations to severely punish bandits. Through the analysis of the contents of the laws and regulations on the punishment of bandits and the observation of the implementation process of judicial operation, this paper deepens the understanding of the process of modernization of the laws of the Republic of China. The structure of this paper consists of four chapters: introduction and main body. The introduction first introduces the reasons for this topic, and reviews the existing research status. Secondly, it defines the concept of bandits, and makes a preliminary analysis of the general situation and causes of bandits in the early Republic of China. Then it enumerates the classification of bandits. Finally, the relationship and difference between bandits and secret society, bandits and soldiers are compared. The first chapter of the text is about the main content of the regulations on the punishment of bandits. Its focus is on the special criminal law and its subsidiary implementation measures, in particular the punishment of bandits. The contents of the Law on the punishment of bandits cover both substantive law and procedural law, which is characterized by the absolute death penalty for the crime of bandits. It simplifies trial procedures and death penalty review procedures, provides that criminals are not subject to appeal, and gives military officers legal jurisdiction. Other relevant laws and regulations are mainly about the police, security groups, business groups and other organizations with the power to catch bandits. The second chapter analyzes the implementation of the regulations to punish bandits as a whole. First of all, starting from the executive agency and the judiciary, this paper describes the responsibilities, rewards and punishments of local and military institutions to punish bandits. Then it clarifies the time effect and human effect of the act of punishing bandits. Finally, the number of bandits and the number of people carrying out the death penalty are counted, and the influence of the punishment of bandits after the implementation of the Law is intuitively reflected through the data. The third chapter is based on the interpretation of bandit cases in Dali Yuan, the case law as the center to study the judicial implementation of regulations to punish bandits. Through the analysis of the collected interpretation examples and cases, this paper summarizes the special guidance and interpretation of Dali Yuan on the trial work of bandits in the aspects of law application, judicial procedure of judicial jurisdiction of judges, conviction and sentencing, etc. Finally, this paper compares the cases before and after the implementation of the Law on the punishment of bandits, and shows the influence of the Law on punishment of bandits on the judicial practice of bandits cases from the micro level. The fourth chapter is the conclusion. The introduction of the Law on punishment of bandits is deeply influenced by the traditional thought of severe punishment, has historical rationality, and has played a certain positive role. However, due to the defects of the laws and regulations and the intervention of military and administrative powers, the more critical thing is the lack of the constitution, which makes the implementation of the law deviate from the track of the rule of law, and finally acts as a killing tool for those in power and becomes a notorious draconian law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929
本文編號(hào)：2478539
[Abstract]:China was volatile during the period of the Beijing government in the Republic of China. Politically, all kinds of forces are fighting for central power and civil war. Economically, under the impact of the international economy, the smallholder economy is on the brink of bankruptcy, coupled with the frequent natural disasters, a large number of people are displaced and migrated to various parts of the country. Various reasons cause local order instability, thieves everywhere, bandits everywhere. In the face of severe bandits, the Beijing government not only uses the army to suppress bandits, but also tries to solve the problem through the rule of law. In addition to invoking the laws of the late Qing Dynasty, the authorities also followed the tradition of "severe punishment" to formulate some special criminal regulations to severely punish bandits. Through the analysis of the contents of the laws and regulations on the punishment of bandits and the observation of the implementation process of judicial operation, this paper deepens the understanding of the process of modernization of the laws of the Republic of China. The structure of this paper consists of four chapters: introduction and main body. The introduction first introduces the reasons for this topic, and reviews the existing research status. Secondly, it defines the concept of bandits, and makes a preliminary analysis of the general situation and causes of bandits in the early Republic of China. Then it enumerates the classification of bandits. Finally, the relationship and difference between bandits and secret society, bandits and soldiers are compared. The first chapter of the text is about the main content of the regulations on the punishment of bandits. Its focus is on the special criminal law and its subsidiary implementation measures, in particular the punishment of bandits. The contents of the Law on the punishment of bandits cover both substantive law and procedural law, which is characterized by the absolute death penalty for the crime of bandits. It simplifies trial procedures and death penalty review procedures, provides that criminals are not subject to appeal, and gives military officers legal jurisdiction. Other relevant laws and regulations are mainly about the police, security groups, business groups and other organizations with the power to catch bandits. The second chapter analyzes the implementation of the regulations to punish bandits as a whole. First of all, starting from the executive agency and the judiciary, this paper describes the responsibilities, rewards and punishments of local and military institutions to punish bandits. Then it clarifies the time effect and human effect of the act of punishing bandits. Finally, the number of bandits and the number of people carrying out the death penalty are counted, and the influence of the punishment of bandits after the implementation of the Law is intuitively reflected through the data. The third chapter is based on the interpretation of bandit cases in Dali Yuan, the case law as the center to study the judicial implementation of regulations to punish bandits. Through the analysis of the collected interpretation examples and cases, this paper summarizes the special guidance and interpretation of Dali Yuan on the trial work of bandits in the aspects of law application, judicial procedure of judicial jurisdiction of judges, conviction and sentencing, etc. Finally, this paper compares the cases before and after the implementation of the Law on the punishment of bandits, and shows the influence of the Law on punishment of bandits on the judicial practice of bandits cases from the micro level. The fourth chapter is the conclusion. The introduction of the Law on punishment of bandits is deeply influenced by the traditional thought of severe punishment, has historical rationality, and has played a certain positive role. However, due to the defects of the laws and regulations and the intervention of military and administrative powers, the more critical thing is the lack of the constitution, which makes the implementation of the law deviate from the track of the rule of law, and finally acts as a killing tool for those in power and becomes a notorious draconian law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929
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