論法案起草方式
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-14 16:07
【摘要】：處在社會轉(zhuǎn)型期的中國,法律越來越彰顯其重要作用,如何制定出高質(zhì)量的法律是社會公眾廣泛關注的問題。由于我國立法體制尚有不完備之處,導致正式的立法程序存在著一定的缺陷。真正決定一部法律品質(zhì)的關鍵在于法案的起草環(huán)節(jié)。我國現(xiàn)行主要的法案起草方式----部門起草法案方式弊端越來越明顯,法案的委托起草和招標起草等新的起草方式不斷走進公眾的視野,成為人們熱議的話題,但是時至今日委托起草和招標起草法案方式還沒有制度化。委托起草和招標起草法案方式能否解決我國現(xiàn)行法案起草方式的弊端?中國的法案起草又將走向何處?本文選擇以法案起草方式為研究主題,以期能為我國法案起草方式的完善盡綿薄之力。 本文首先從法的合法性理論入手,來闡述民主立法的重要性,對于我國來說,提高法案起草過程中的民主參與顯得尤為重要。為借鑒國外的法案起草經(jīng)驗,本文介紹了美國的專門機構(gòu)起草法案模式的優(yōu)勢,而后分別分析了我國目前存在的五種法案起草方式：部門起草、人大起草、委托起草、招標起草和合作起草。部門起草法案作為我國目前主要的法案起草方式,尤其優(yōu)勢也有明顯的弊端,即帶有濃厚的部門保護主義色彩,備受公眾詬病,本文通過對立法腐敗第一案郭京毅案的深入分析,系統(tǒng)揭露了部門起草法案方式的弊端。為提高立法的質(zhì)量,人大作為立法機關應加強對法案起草過程的干預,其參與不應僅僅限制在審議、表決階段,更應加強對起草法案過程的干預和指導。由于人大起草自身能力存在的局限性,使其無法獨立承擔起草工作。為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀,各地不斷探索法案起草的新思路和新方法,委托起草、招標起草和合作起草法案方式興起。論文通過對三個代表性例子的分析,結(jié)合實際得出,在現(xiàn)階段,新興的法案起草方式并不能取代部門起草法案方式。在文章最后筆者闡述了自己的思考,認為建立專門的法案起草機構(gòu)進行起草是我國法案起草的最終歸宿,但是由于現(xiàn)階段我國的國情所致,還不具備建立專門的法案起草機構(gòu)的條件。作為過渡,可以著重發(fā)展委托起草、招標起草和合作起草,以培養(yǎng)建立專門法案起草機構(gòu)的土壤。法案起草過程中克服部門保護主義癥結(jié)的關鍵是加強人大對法案起草的參與,提高起草過程中的公眾參與度,暢通利益表達渠道,讓各種利益都能夠充分實現(xiàn)博弈,以提高立法質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Law is playing an increasingly important role in China during the period of social transition. How to make high quality laws is a problem that the public pays more attention to. Due to the imperfection of our legislative system, there are some defects in the formal legislative procedure. The key to determining the quality of a law lies in the drafting of the bill. In our country, the main current drafting method of bill-the drawback of drafting bill by department is becoming more and more obvious. New drafting methods, such as commissioned drafting of bill and draft by tender, are constantly coming into the public's view and become a hot topic for people to discuss. But so far, commissioned drafting and tender drafting of bills has not been institutionalized. Can the drafting method of commission and tender solve the drawback of the drafting method of current bill in our country? Where will China's bill be drafted? This paper chooses the drafting method of the bill as the research topic, hoping to contribute to the perfection of the drafting method of the bill in our country. This paper begins with the legitimacy theory of law to expound the importance of democratic legislation. For our country, it is very important to improve the democratic participation in the drafting process of bill. In order to draw lessons from the experience of foreign countries, this paper introduces the advantages of the mode of drafting the bill by the specialized agencies in the United States, and then analyzes the five existing drafting methods of the bill in our country: departmental drafting, NPC drafting, commissioned drafting, and so on. Tender drafting and cooperative drafting. As the main method of drafting bills in our country at present, departmental drafting has obvious disadvantages, that is, with a strong sense of departmental protectionism, it has been criticized by the public. Based on the in-depth analysis of Guo Jingyi, the first case of legislative corruption, this paper systematically exposes the malpractice of drafting the bill by the department. In order to improve the quality of legislation, the NPC, as a legislature, should strengthen its intervention in the drafting process of bills, and its participation should not only be limited to the stage of deliberation and voting, but also strengthen its intervention and guidance in the process of drafting bills. Because of the limitation of the people's Congress's drafting ability, it can not undertake the drafting work independently. In order to change this situation, new ideas and methods of drafting bills are constantly being explored, and the methods of commissioned drafting, bidding drafting and cooperative drafting are emerging. Through the analysis of three representative examples, combining with the practice, it is concluded that at this stage, the new drafting method can not replace the departmental drafting method. At the end of the article, the author expounds his own thinking, and thinks that the establishment of a special drafting body for the drafting of the bill is the final destination of the drafting of the bill in our country, but due to the current situation of our country, There are no conditions for a special drafting body. As a transition, emphasis can be placed on the development of commissioned drafting, tender drafting and cooperative drafting to foster the soil for the establishment of specialized bill drafting bodies. The key to overcoming the crux of departmental protectionism in the drafting process of the bill is to strengthen the participation of the people's Congress in the drafting of the bill, to increase public participation in the drafting process, to open up channels for the expression of interests, and to enable all kinds of interests to fully realize the game. To improve the quality of legislation.
【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.0
本文編號：2408863
[Abstract]:Law is playing an increasingly important role in China during the period of social transition. How to make high quality laws is a problem that the public pays more attention to. Due to the imperfection of our legislative system, there are some defects in the formal legislative procedure. The key to determining the quality of a law lies in the drafting of the bill. In our country, the main current drafting method of bill-the drawback of drafting bill by department is becoming more and more obvious. New drafting methods, such as commissioned drafting of bill and draft by tender, are constantly coming into the public's view and become a hot topic for people to discuss. But so far, commissioned drafting and tender drafting of bills has not been institutionalized. Can the drafting method of commission and tender solve the drawback of the drafting method of current bill in our country? Where will China's bill be drafted? This paper chooses the drafting method of the bill as the research topic, hoping to contribute to the perfection of the drafting method of the bill in our country. This paper begins with the legitimacy theory of law to expound the importance of democratic legislation. For our country, it is very important to improve the democratic participation in the drafting process of bill. In order to draw lessons from the experience of foreign countries, this paper introduces the advantages of the mode of drafting the bill by the specialized agencies in the United States, and then analyzes the five existing drafting methods of the bill in our country: departmental drafting, NPC drafting, commissioned drafting, and so on. Tender drafting and cooperative drafting. As the main method of drafting bills in our country at present, departmental drafting has obvious disadvantages, that is, with a strong sense of departmental protectionism, it has been criticized by the public. Based on the in-depth analysis of Guo Jingyi, the first case of legislative corruption, this paper systematically exposes the malpractice of drafting the bill by the department. In order to improve the quality of legislation, the NPC, as a legislature, should strengthen its intervention in the drafting process of bills, and its participation should not only be limited to the stage of deliberation and voting, but also strengthen its intervention and guidance in the process of drafting bills. Because of the limitation of the people's Congress's drafting ability, it can not undertake the drafting work independently. In order to change this situation, new ideas and methods of drafting bills are constantly being explored, and the methods of commissioned drafting, bidding drafting and cooperative drafting are emerging. Through the analysis of three representative examples, combining with the practice, it is concluded that at this stage, the new drafting method can not replace the departmental drafting method. At the end of the article, the author expounds his own thinking, and thinks that the establishment of a special drafting body for the drafting of the bill is the final destination of the drafting of the bill in our country, but due to the current situation of our country, There are no conditions for a special drafting body. As a transition, emphasis can be placed on the development of commissioned drafting, tender drafting and cooperative drafting to foster the soil for the establishment of specialized bill drafting bodies. The key to overcoming the crux of departmental protectionism in the drafting process of the bill is to strengthen the participation of the people's Congress in the drafting of the bill, to increase public participation in the drafting process, to open up channels for the expression of interests, and to enable all kinds of interests to fully realize the game. To improve the quality of legislation.
【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D920.0
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