有關立法后評估的若干思考
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-11 21:21
【摘要】：立法質量密切地聯(lián)系著人們社會生產(chǎn)生活的走向,為社會發(fā)展提供支持或制造阻礙。過去,我國對立法質量的理解大多停留在“有法可依、有法必依”的層面,注重對法律執(zhí)行的監(jiān)督(如人大每年開展的“執(zhí)法檢查”工作),重視司法、執(zhí)法和公民守法的過程,卻忽視了對法律本身科學性、合法性、合理性的考量。重視“有法可依、有法必依”的理念并沒有錯,特別是在我國進行法治化建設僅僅三十年時間的前提下。但“皮之不附,毛將焉在”,如果我們不考慮法律條文本身是否科學合理、符合社會發(fā)展的需要,一味地追求法律的嚴格執(zhí)行并要求得到人們普遍的遵守并不符合法治國家“良法之治”的狀態(tài)。法治是指“已制定的法律得到普遍服從,而得到普遍服從的法律又是制定的良好的法律。”若以此作為標尺,現(xiàn)代法治國家對法律本身提出了更高的要求,法律條文的質量是一國進入法治狀態(tài)的基石,是一個國家的文明程度和法治水平最直接的表現(xiàn)形式。本文以提高立法質量為出發(fā)點,從理論和實踐兩個方面對立法后評估工作進行分析研究,以理論指導實踐,再從實踐中反思理論,為立法后評估制度化的探索提出自己的構想。 本文共分為三個部分。第一部分主要探討立法后評估的基本理論,界定立法后評估的內(nèi)涵提出科學的立法后評估應然理論,立法后評估是系統(tǒng)的工程,需要明確的評估目的、對象、主體和標準并借助科學的評估方法才能得以順利完成。通過對基本理論的闡述旨在為第二部分國外實證研究以及貴州省立法后評估個案評析的引入提供理論基礎。第二部分主要是對立法后評估實證研究。首先從國外經(jīng)驗入手,介紹國外立法后評估的發(fā)展沿革,落腳于經(jīng)驗借鑒。后對我國立法后評估的十年發(fā)展歷程進行了梳理,并對《貴州省實施中華人民共和國水法辦法》的立法后評估工作進行個案分析研究。通過國內(nèi)兩節(jié)的介紹及討論,提出我國立法后評估存在的不足并提出制度化的呼吁。討論用建立統(tǒng)一的立法后評估制度的方法解決存在問題的可能性。第三部分是筆者對制度化呼吁的回應,此部分以立法后評估的基礎理論為指導,從貴州省工作的實踐經(jīng)驗為出發(fā)點,提出將立法后評估工作制度化的構想,針對評估的啟動、過程及結果回應嘗試性的進行了標準化程序設計。希望通過將該項工作制度化,標準化操作,解決立法后評估在實踐中的問題,使其更好的發(fā)揮作用。
[Abstract]:The quality of legislation is closely related to the trend of social production and life, providing support or creating obstacles for social development. In the past, most of our country's understanding of the quality of legislation has stayed at the level of "there is a law to be followed, and there is a need to abide by the law." China pays attention to the supervision of the enforcement of the law (such as the "law enforcement inspection" carried out by the National people's Congress every year) and attaches importance to the administration of justice. The process of enforcing the law and abiding by the law ignores the consideration of the science, legitimacy and rationality of the law itself. It is not wrong to attach importance to the idea of "there are laws to be followed, and there are laws to be obeyed", especially under the premise of only 30 years of construction of rule of law in our country. However, if we do not consider whether the legal provisions themselves are scientific and reasonable, they will be in line with the needs of social development. Blindly pursuing the strict enforcement of the law and requiring people to abide by it generally does not conform to the state of "good law governance" in a country ruled by law. The rule of law means that "the law that has been made is generally obedient, and the law which is generally obeyed is a good law." If the rule of law is taken as a yardstick, the modern country ruled by law puts forward higher requirements to the law itself. The quality of the legal provisions is the cornerstone of a country entering the state of the rule of law, and the most direct form of expression of a country's civilization and level of the rule of law. In order to improve the quality of legislation, this paper analyzes and studies the post-legislative evaluation from the aspects of theory and practice, guides the practice with theory, and then reflects on the theory from practice, and puts forward its own idea for the exploration of institutionalization of post-legislative evaluation. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic theory of post-legislative evaluation, defines the connotation of post-legislative evaluation and puts forward a scientific theory of post-legislative evaluation. The subject and standard can be successfully completed with the help of scientific evaluation methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction of the second part of the empirical study abroad and the case analysis of Guizhou Province's post-legislative evaluation. The second part is an empirical study on post-legislative evaluation. First of all, from the experience of foreign countries, introduce the development of foreign post-legislative evaluation, and settle on the experience. After that, the author combs the ten years' development course of the post-legislative evaluation in China, and makes a case study on the post-legislative evaluation of the implementation of the measures of Water Law of the people's Republic of China in Guizhou Province. Through the introduction and discussion of the two domestic sections, this paper points out the shortcomings of the post-legislative evaluation in our country and puts forward an appeal for institutionalization. This paper discusses the possibility of establishing a uniform post-legislative evaluation system to solve the existing problems. The third part is the author's response to the appeal of institutionalization. This part is guided by the basic theory of post-legislative evaluation, starting from the practical experience of Guizhou Province, puts forward the idea of institutionalizing the post-legislative evaluation, aiming at the start of evaluation. The process and result response were tentatively designed to standardize the program. It is hoped that by institutionalizing and standardizing the work, we can solve the problem of post-legislative evaluation in practice and make it play a better role.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.0
本文編號：2407460
[Abstract]:The quality of legislation is closely related to the trend of social production and life, providing support or creating obstacles for social development. In the past, most of our country's understanding of the quality of legislation has stayed at the level of "there is a law to be followed, and there is a need to abide by the law." China pays attention to the supervision of the enforcement of the law (such as the "law enforcement inspection" carried out by the National people's Congress every year) and attaches importance to the administration of justice. The process of enforcing the law and abiding by the law ignores the consideration of the science, legitimacy and rationality of the law itself. It is not wrong to attach importance to the idea of "there are laws to be followed, and there are laws to be obeyed", especially under the premise of only 30 years of construction of rule of law in our country. However, if we do not consider whether the legal provisions themselves are scientific and reasonable, they will be in line with the needs of social development. Blindly pursuing the strict enforcement of the law and requiring people to abide by it generally does not conform to the state of "good law governance" in a country ruled by law. The rule of law means that "the law that has been made is generally obedient, and the law which is generally obeyed is a good law." If the rule of law is taken as a yardstick, the modern country ruled by law puts forward higher requirements to the law itself. The quality of the legal provisions is the cornerstone of a country entering the state of the rule of law, and the most direct form of expression of a country's civilization and level of the rule of law. In order to improve the quality of legislation, this paper analyzes and studies the post-legislative evaluation from the aspects of theory and practice, guides the practice with theory, and then reflects on the theory from practice, and puts forward its own idea for the exploration of institutionalization of post-legislative evaluation. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic theory of post-legislative evaluation, defines the connotation of post-legislative evaluation and puts forward a scientific theory of post-legislative evaluation. The subject and standard can be successfully completed with the help of scientific evaluation methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction of the second part of the empirical study abroad and the case analysis of Guizhou Province's post-legislative evaluation. The second part is an empirical study on post-legislative evaluation. First of all, from the experience of foreign countries, introduce the development of foreign post-legislative evaluation, and settle on the experience. After that, the author combs the ten years' development course of the post-legislative evaluation in China, and makes a case study on the post-legislative evaluation of the implementation of the measures of Water Law of the people's Republic of China in Guizhou Province. Through the introduction and discussion of the two domestic sections, this paper points out the shortcomings of the post-legislative evaluation in our country and puts forward an appeal for institutionalization. This paper discusses the possibility of establishing a uniform post-legislative evaluation system to solve the existing problems. The third part is the author's response to the appeal of institutionalization. This part is guided by the basic theory of post-legislative evaluation, starting from the practical experience of Guizhou Province, puts forward the idea of institutionalizing the post-legislative evaluation, aiming at the start of evaluation. The process and result response were tentatively designed to standardize the program. It is hoped that by institutionalizing and standardizing the work, we can solve the problem of post-legislative evaluation in practice and make it play a better role.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D920.0
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