民國時(shí)期納妾現(xiàn)象的法社會(huì)學(xué)分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-19 10:28
【摘要】：在中國近代的社會(huì)變革時(shí)期,因社會(huì)變革的不徹底性,形成傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)并存的局面,于是制定法與民間習(xí)慣在社會(huì)秩序的控制過程中往往表現(xiàn)為一種矛盾的關(guān)系。以“納妾”這一民間習(xí)慣來說,基于社會(huì)變革的不徹底性,其所賴以存在的傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定性并未打破,納妾這一民間習(xí)慣依然具有很強(qiáng)的社會(huì)控制力,影響和制約著人們的行為。北洋時(shí)期仍然沿用《大清現(xiàn)行刑律》中民事有效部分,對(duì)“妾”有明確的規(guī)則,體現(xiàn)了對(duì)這一民間習(xí)慣的承繼。而在司法實(shí)踐中,基于社會(huì)主體一定的法權(quán)要求以及政治上的考量,雖然納妾這一民間習(xí)慣已經(jīng)不為社會(huì)主體所普遍認(rèn)同,但社會(huì)久已行之,如果不確認(rèn)反而會(huì)在事實(shí)上造成法律關(guān)系的混亂,司法機(jī)關(guān)從穩(wěn)定社會(huì)的角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行確認(rèn)與規(guī)制,于司法實(shí)踐中確認(rèn)了納妾這一民間習(xí)慣的合法存在。到南京國民政府時(shí)期,國民黨政權(quán)為了結(jié)束社會(huì)秩序的長期混亂狀態(tài),穩(wěn)定政權(quán)的統(tǒng)治基礎(chǔ),建立現(xiàn)代意義上的法律體系,進(jìn)行了一系列的立法活動(dòng)。其中《中華民國民法》以及《中華民國刑法》等受現(xiàn)代法律理念的影響,完全摒棄了“妾”的規(guī)定。這一時(shí)期的法律體系更加完備,但立法上對(duì)民間習(xí)慣不予重視,最終導(dǎo)致制定法制作精良,但是卻與要解決的社會(huì)糾紛顯得格格不入,即制定法與民間習(xí)慣相脫離,與社會(huì)實(shí)踐相脫節(jié)。在面對(duì)社會(huì)中普遍存在的因納妾這一民間習(xí)慣所引發(fā)的種種糾紛時(shí),便不能為此種糾紛的解決提供法律上的依據(jù)。因此只能尋求靈活的司法實(shí)踐對(duì)制定法予以補(bǔ)充,對(duì)納妾這一民間習(xí)慣所引起的糾紛進(jìn)行規(guī)制。于是,最高法院不得不通過判例和解釋例來對(duì)納妾這一民間習(xí)慣進(jìn)行規(guī)制,這些判例和解釋例具有相當(dāng)?shù)姆删惺?成為地方法院判案的依據(jù)。國民政府時(shí)期在司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)待納妾這一民間習(xí)慣的態(tài)度已與北洋時(shí)期有所不同,納妾某種程度上可能構(gòu)成重婚罪,并且夫妾關(guān)系的解除亦較北洋時(shí)期更為便利,無需有“不得已之事由”即可解除關(guān)系。妾的權(quán)利地位相較于北洋時(shí)期明顯提高,妾的主體性不斷得到加強(qiáng),其對(duì)家長或夫族的人身依附性不斷削弱,因此司法實(shí)踐對(duì)納妾這一民間習(xí)慣的逐漸消亡具有推動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:In the period of social change in modern China, due to the lack of thoroughness of social change, the coexistence of traditional economy and market economy formed, so the law of making and folk custom often showed a contradictory relationship in the process of controlling the social order. In terms of the folk custom of "concubinage", the stability of the traditional small-scale peasant economy on which it depends has not been broken because of the imthoroughness of social change, and the folk habit of concubinage still has a strong social control. Influence and restrict people's behavior. In the period of Beiyang, the civil effective part of the present Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty is still in use, and there are clear rules for concubinage, which embodies the inheritance of this folk custom. In judicial practice, based on the legal requirements of social subjects and political considerations, although concubinage, a folk custom, has not been generally accepted by social subjects, it has been practiced for a long time. If we don't confirm it, it will lead to the confusion of legal relationship in fact, the judicial organs confirm and regulate it from the angle of stabilizing society, and confirm the legal existence of concubinage as a folk custom in judicial practice. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the Kuomintang regime carried out a series of legislative activities in order to put an end to the long-term chaotic state of social order, stabilize the ruling foundation of the regime, and establish a legal system in the modern sense. Among them, the Civil Law of the Republic of China and the Criminal Law of the Republic of China were influenced by modern legal ideas and completely abandoned the stipulation of "concubinage". During this period, the legal system was more complete, but the legislation did not attach importance to folk habits, which resulted in well-made laws, but they were incompatible with the social disputes to be resolved, that is, the laws of enactment were divorced from folk habits. Out of touch with social practice. In the face of various disputes caused by concubinage as a folk custom in the society, it can not provide legal basis for the settlement of such disputes. Therefore, we can only seek flexible judicial practice to supplement the law and regulate the disputes caused by concubinage. As a result, the Supreme Court had to regulate concubinage as a folk custom through case law and interpretation cases, which had considerable legal binding force and became the basis for the local court to adjudicate cases. In the judicial practice of the National Government, the attitude towards concubinage was different from that in the period of the Northern Ocean. To some extent, concubinage might constitute the crime of bigamy, and the dissolution of the union of concubinage was more convenient than that of the period of the Northern Ocean. There is no need for a "last resort" to dissolve the relationship. Compared with the period of the Northern Ocean, the right status of concubinage was obviously improved, the subjectivity of concubinage was constantly strengthened, and its personal attachment to parents or husbands was constantly weakened. Therefore, judicial practice promoted the gradual disappearance of concubinage as a folk custom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D929
本文編號(hào)：2342027
[Abstract]:In the period of social change in modern China, due to the lack of thoroughness of social change, the coexistence of traditional economy and market economy formed, so the law of making and folk custom often showed a contradictory relationship in the process of controlling the social order. In terms of the folk custom of "concubinage", the stability of the traditional small-scale peasant economy on which it depends has not been broken because of the imthoroughness of social change, and the folk habit of concubinage still has a strong social control. Influence and restrict people's behavior. In the period of Beiyang, the civil effective part of the present Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty is still in use, and there are clear rules for concubinage, which embodies the inheritance of this folk custom. In judicial practice, based on the legal requirements of social subjects and political considerations, although concubinage, a folk custom, has not been generally accepted by social subjects, it has been practiced for a long time. If we don't confirm it, it will lead to the confusion of legal relationship in fact, the judicial organs confirm and regulate it from the angle of stabilizing society, and confirm the legal existence of concubinage as a folk custom in judicial practice. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the Kuomintang regime carried out a series of legislative activities in order to put an end to the long-term chaotic state of social order, stabilize the ruling foundation of the regime, and establish a legal system in the modern sense. Among them, the Civil Law of the Republic of China and the Criminal Law of the Republic of China were influenced by modern legal ideas and completely abandoned the stipulation of "concubinage". During this period, the legal system was more complete, but the legislation did not attach importance to folk habits, which resulted in well-made laws, but they were incompatible with the social disputes to be resolved, that is, the laws of enactment were divorced from folk habits. Out of touch with social practice. In the face of various disputes caused by concubinage as a folk custom in the society, it can not provide legal basis for the settlement of such disputes. Therefore, we can only seek flexible judicial practice to supplement the law and regulate the disputes caused by concubinage. As a result, the Supreme Court had to regulate concubinage as a folk custom through case law and interpretation cases, which had considerable legal binding force and became the basis for the local court to adjudicate cases. In the judicial practice of the National Government, the attitude towards concubinage was different from that in the period of the Northern Ocean. To some extent, concubinage might constitute the crime of bigamy, and the dissolution of the union of concubinage was more convenient than that of the period of the Northern Ocean. There is no need for a "last resort" to dissolve the relationship. Compared with the period of the Northern Ocean, the right status of concubinage was obviously improved, the subjectivity of concubinage was constantly strengthened, and its personal attachment to parents or husbands was constantly weakened. Therefore, judicial practice promoted the gradual disappearance of concubinage as a folk custom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D929
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